Quantitative analysis of inflammation and chemokine receptors related genes in macrophages after coculturing with different groups of engineered cartilage for 24 hours. ∗, p < .05 (statistically different from other groups). Abbreviations: ACs, articular chondrocytes; Arg-1, arginase 1; BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; CCR1, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor type 1; CCR2, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor type 2; CCR4, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor type 4; CXCR2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor type 2; CX3CR1, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor type 1; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; MΦ, macrophages; NOS II, nitric oxide synthase 2; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.