Table 3.

The six networks studied—initial and most recent forms

Network studied	Initial formation	Current structure/organization
Tobacco use	1967: Network of scientists and activists coalesces around first World Conference on Tobacco or Health.	1999: FCA forms as formal coalition of NGOs around global tobacco control treaty; over past decade, expansion and decentralization of network including new funding partner networks, regional networks, and national-level coalitions
Alcohol harm	1986: Alcohol harm researchers form Kettil Bruun Society, re-introducing idea that substance is a public health threat.	2000: Global Alcohol Policy Alliance forms, bringing together more than 200 alcohol policy and public health advocates from about 30 countries, in effort to broaden the network beyond Europe and North America.
Maternal mortality	1987: Network forms following a conference in Kenya that launches global safe motherhood initiative. Initiative initially guided by Inter-Agency Group, comprised of representatives from international organizations and NGOs.	2005: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health forms (PMNCH), although it is only one among multiple institutions that presently connect maternal health actors. As of 2015, PMNCH links more than 680 organizations.
Neonatal mortality	1999: Network emerges following conference at Johns Hopkins on perinatal mortality in low-income settings. Proponents establish Healthy Newborn Partnership in 2000 to link concerned individuals and organizations.	2014: Global action plan on newborn survival appears, organized by small, informal group of researchers and program officers most of whom, since 2000, have constituted network’s core.
Tuberculosis	Early 1990s: Coalition emerges linking researchers, donors, advocates and political leaders who understand TB to be a global public health emergency.	2001: Coalition is formalized in the form of the Stop TB Partnership, which as of 2012 encompasses approximately 1600 individuals and organizations.
Childhood pneumonia	1984: A short-lived network emerges linking officers and researchers in global and national programs dedicated to community care of the disease.	2003: Influential actors begin to rebuild network around a broader identity encompassing a larger spectrum of interventions, including vaccines.

Note: See supplement papers for sources on network initial formations and current structures (Berlan 2016; Gneiting 2016; Quissell and Walt 2016; Schmitz 2016; Shiffman 2016; Smith and Rodriguez 2016).