Table 2:

Concept-Level Mapping for Food Allergens from PEAR to SNOMED-CT and from PEAR to UNII

Matching	SNOMED-CT	UNII	Examples
(n = 672 total concepts)	n (%)	n (%)
Exact	549 (81.7)	457 (68.0)	The fish “mahi mahi” is “mahi mahi – dietary” in SNOMED-CT and “mahi-mahi” in UNII.
Broader (Partial)a	65 (9.7)	27 (4.0)	In SNOMED-CT, “crab – dietary” is the closest concept to “Dungeness crab” that is found in UNII.
Narrow (Partial)b	31 (4.6)	38 (5.7)	The closest match to “crab” in UNII is “crab leg, unspecified,” as we could not find a “crab, unspecified” term.
Missing (No match)	27 (4.0)	150 (22.3)	“Gatorade,” “Mexican food,” “goose egg,” “Irish cream flavor,” “orange soda,” and “sprout” are not found in either terminology. Several exotic fruits or vegetables (eg, “Pitaya,” “lemongrass,” “logan fruit,” “mangosteen,” “mustard greens,” “wasabi,” “acai,” “Asian pear,” and “chayote”), a fish derivative (“caviar”), a shellfish (“langostino”), extracts (eg, “annatto extract”), additives (eg, “guarana,” “orange 5,” and “12-aminododecanoic acid”), a nutritional supplement (“red yeast”), a seed (“cocoa”), a grain (“corn meal”), and a flower used in tea (“Jasmine”) are not found in SNOMED-CT. UNII was the most deficient in multi-ingredient or ambiguous concepts.

PEAR, Partners’ Enterprise-wide Allergy Repository; SNOMED-CT, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms; UNII, Unique Ingredient Identifiers.

^aThe “food allergen” concept in our lexicon has a less specific meaning than the corresponding term in SNOMED-CT or UNII.

^bThe “food allergen” concept in our lexicon has a more specific meaning than the corresponding term in SNOMED-CT or UNII.