Table 1. Profile of health staff and work conditions at baseline and follow-up.
| Baseline (n = 234) | Follow-up (n = 234) | Diff. | p-value | |||
| Staff characteristics/work conditions | Obs | Proportion(95% CI) | Obs | Proportion(95% CI) | ||
| Staff with at least tertiary education | 234 | 74.8 (69.2 80.4) | 234 | 77.4 (71.9 82.8) | 2.6 | 0.516 |
| Clinical staff++ | 234 | 85.5 (80.9 90.0) | 234 | 65.4 (59.2 71.5) | -20.1 | 0.000** |
| Non-clinical staff+++ | 234 | 14.5 (10.0 19.1) | 234 | 34.6 (28.5 40.8) | 20.1 | 0.000** |
| Married staff | 233 | 43.8 (37.4 50.2) | 232 | 45.3 (38.8 51.7) | 1.5 | 0.748 |
| Christian religion | 233 | 96.6 (94.2 98.9) | 233 | 95.7 (93.1 98.3) | -0.9 | 0.631 |
| Monthly salary >GHC 1,300 | 232 | 4.7 (2.0 7.5) | 226 | 12.8(8.4 17.2) | 8.1 | 0.002‡ |
| Receive additional work allowance | 224 | 16.5 (11.6 21.4) | 230 | 25.7(20.0 31.3) | 9.2 | 0.017‡ |
| Engaged in part time work besides regular work | 227 | 9.3 (5.5 13.0) | 230 | 7.8(4.3 11.3) | -1.5 | 0.586 |
| Belong to a professional association | 183 | 60.1 (52.9 67.3) | 183 | 74.4(67.1 81.8) | 14.3 | 0.007** |
| Report late to work at most once in a week | 115 | 78.3 (70.6 85.9) | 106 | 70.8(62.0 79.6) | -7.5 | 0.469 |
| Average travel time to work in minutes if: | Obs | aMean(95% CI) | Obs | Mean(95% CI) | Diff. | p-value |
| Walking | 108 | 10.5 (8.6 12.3) | 112 | 11.9 (9.4 14.5) | 1.4 | 0.3591 |
| Bicycle | 2 | 4.0 (-8.7 16.7) | 4 | 17.5 (2.3 32.7) | 13.5 | 0.1343 |
| Motorcycle | 4 | 14.0 (-7.2 35.2) | 5 | 10.3 (-9.6 47.6) | -3.7 | 0.7132 |
| Public transport | 84 | 39.2 (33.0 45.4) | 81 | 43.6 (36.4 50.8) | 4.4 | 0.3565 |
| Personal car | 31 | 31.0 (20.6 41.4) | 25 | 36.2 (35.1 47.4) | 5.2 | 0.4850 |
| Extra work hours by staff in a day (in minutes) | 117 | 58.1 (14.8 120.0) | 230 | 69.6 (47.8 91.3) | 11.5 | 0.6027 |
| Staff age in years | 227 | 37.3 (35.5 39.1) | 234 | 37.7 (36.1 39.3) | 0.4 | 0.7314 |
Source: WOTRO-COHEiSION Ghana Project (2014).
‡Fisher’s exact test (p<0.05).
**Pearson Chi-square test (p<0.05).
aMean testing done with the independent t-test at 95% confidence level.
+Observations are the pooled responses of staff at baseline and follow-up.
++Staff who performed clinical roles.
+++staff who performed non-clinical roles.