Table 3. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all diagnostic groups in study 1.
| PD-N | PD-MCI | PD-D | p-value | PD-cognitively impaired | p-value (PD-N vs. PD-cognitively impaired) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 15) | (n = 14) | (n = 11) | (PD-MCI& PD-D; n = 25) | ||||
| Male/female a | n (%) | 14 /1 | 6/8 | 8/3 | .012 b | 14/11 | .015 |
| Age (years) c | Mean (SD) | 63.5 (8.8) | 64.2 (9.5) | 69.4 (11.1) | .285 | 66.5 (10.4) | .363 |
| Median (IQR)d | 65 (55–68) | 61.5 (56.5–73,25) | 71 (61–76) | 69 (58.5–74.5) | |||
| Education (years) d | Mean (SD) | 15.2 (4.1) | 13.6 (3.3) | 14.2 (4.0) | 13.8 (3.5) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (11–18) | 13 (11–15.75) | 13 (11–18) | .662 | 13 (11–18) | .455 | |
| PD duration c | Mean (SD) | 8.4 (4.7) | 10.5 ± 5.1 | 10.6 ± 7.0 | .515 | 10.5 (5.9) | .246 |
| Median (IQR) | 10 (5–12) | 10 (7.5–15) | 10 (8–14) | 10 (8–15) | |||
| Age at diagnosis c | Mean (SD) | 55.1 (8.9) | 52.9(11.3) | 58.7 ± 10.8 | .385 | 55.5 (11.2) | .906 |
| Median (IQR) | 52.0 (51–62) | 54 (46–62.5) | 60 (49–71) | 55.5 (47.25–64.5) | |||
| UPDRS III c | Mean (SD) | 18.4 (12.1) | 23.9 (11.3) | 28.2 ± 11.6 | .151 | 26.1 (11.4) | .078 |
| Median (IQR) | 17.5 (12–24.25) | 20 (16–34) | 31 (20–35) | 30 (16.75–34.25) | |||
| History of DBS a | (% yes) | 60% | 43% | 36% | .526 | 40% | .333 |
| Interval since DBS | Mean (SD) | 21.3 (16.3) | 23.8 (16.4) | 44.3 (31.6) | 32.0 (24.2) | ||
| Implantation (months) d | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (5–34) | 25 (5–39) | 40 (16–76) | .652 | 26 (11.25–47.25) | .497 | |
| LEDD (mg/d) c | Mean (SD) | 619.2 (484.6) | 429 ± 265.5 | 396.4 ± 547.6 | .194 | 422.7 (415.4) | .448 |
| Median (IQR) | 448.0 (140–746) | 439 (234-25-739.6) | 209 (133–400) | 300 (199.75–560) | |||
| GDS-15 score d | Mean (SD) | 2 (1.7) | 3.9 (2.6) | 5.9 (3.4) | 4.6 (3.0) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–3) | 4 (1.75–6) | 4 (4–9) | .01e | 4 (2–6.25) | .005 | |
| MMSE d | Mean (SD) | 29.0 (0.9) | 28.3 (1.3) | 27.1 (1.8) | 27.9 (1.5) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 29 (28.5–30) | 29 (27.5–29) | 28 (25–29) | .029 f | 28.5 (26.25–29) | .036 |
SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range; LEDD, total daily levodopa equivalent dose.
a Fisher`s Exact test was used for dichotomous variables.
b Pairwise comparisons showed that the male/female ratio was higher in PD-MCI compared to PD-N; PD-N = PD-D; PD-MCI = PD-D.
c A univariate Between-Subjects ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons was used for variables that were normally distributed. P-values are shown for the mean. Median and interquartile range are also reported for comparison purposes.
d The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for variables that were not normally distributed. P-values are shown for the median. Groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Means and standard deviations are also reported for comparison purposes.
e Pairwise comparisons showed that PD-N = PD-MCI = PD-D; PD-N<PD-D.
f Pairwise comparisons showed that PD-N = PD-MCI = PD-D; PD-N>PD-D.