Table 4. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all diagnostic groups in study 2.
| PD-N | PD-MCI | PD-D | p-value | PD-cognitively impaired | p-value (PD-N vs. PD-cognitively impaired) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 8) | (n = 10) | (n = 6) | (PD-MCI& PD-D; n = 16) | ||||
| Male/female a | n (%) | 7/1 | 9/1 | 3/3 | .161 | 12/4 | .613 |
| Age (years) b | Mean (SD) | 66.5 (6.7) | 65.0 (10.2) | 63.3 (15.5) | .864 | 64.4 (12.0) | .647 |
| Median (IQR) | 64.5 (62.3–72.3) | 64.5 (55.5–74.3) | 68.5 (51.8–75.0) | 64.5 (57–75) | |||
| Education (years) b | Mean (SD) | 14.0 (4.6) | 12.9 (2.3) | 11.0 (1.6) | .277 | 12.2 (2.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 15 (9.8–18.0) | 12 (12.0–13.0) | 12 (9.0–12.0) | 12 (12–12) | .383 | ||
| PD duration b | Mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.5) | 6.4 (3.5) | 6.5 (4.7) | .815 | 6.4 (3.9) | .519 |
| Median (IQR) | 8 (3.3–11.3) | 6.5 (4.2–9.0) | 6 (4.0–10.3) | 6.5 (2.5–9) | |||
| Age at diagnosis b | Mean (SD) | 59.0 (8.6) | 58.7 (12.75) | 57.3 (14.3) | .964 | 58.19 (12.9) | .874 |
| Median (IQR) | 61 (50.3–65.0) | 58.5 (48.8–68.0) | 60.5 (47.0–67.3) | 60.5 (50.5–65) | |||
| UPDRS III b | Mean (SD) | 22.3 (9.6) | 18.6 (3.3) | 20.0 (6.0) | .894 | 19.1 (4.1) | .435 |
| Median (IQR) | 17.5 (10–17.5) | 20.0 (16.5–22) | 20.0 (14–20) | 19.0 (15.25–22.0) | |||
| History of DBS a | (% yes) | 50% | 30% | 17% d | .556 | 25% | .363 |
| Interval since DBS Implantation(months)c | Mean (SD) | 13.3 (7.9) | 21.0 (7.9) | 20.0 d | 20.8 (6.5) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 13 (5–21) | 18 (15–18) | 20.0 d | .419 | 19.0 (15.75–27.5) | .200 | |
| LEDD (mg/d) b | Mean (SD) | 655.9 (367.5) | 682.5 (352.0) | 381.3 (329.1) | .355 | 415.7 (303.7) | .402 |
| Median (IQR) | 635.8 (383.8–1014.58) | 747.9 (491.0–939.3) | 335.0 (90.0–718.8) | 512.2 (314.5–715.9) | |||
| GDS-15 score b | Mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.9) | 4.9 (3.6) | 7.7 (4.9) | .032 e | 5.9 (3.9) | .034 |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (0.5–4.0) | 5.0 (2.3–7.0) | 9.5 (2.8–11) | 5 (3–10) | |||
| MMSE c | Mean (SD) | 29.25 (0.46) | 28.0 (1.56) | 26.0 (2.53) | 27.25 (2.15) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 29 (29.0–29.75) | 28.5 (2) | 26 (23.8–27.8) | 0.021 f | 27.5 (25.25–29.0) | .019 |
SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range; LEDD, total daily levodopa equivalent dose.
a Fisher`s Exact test was used for dichotomous variables.
b A univariate Between-Subjects ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons was used for variables that were normally distributed. P-values are shown for the mean. Median and interquartile range are also reported for comparison purposes.
c The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for variables that were not normally distributed. Groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. P-values are shown for the median. Means and standard deviations are also reported for comparison purposes.
d Only 1 patient in the PD-D group had a history of DBS.
e Pairwise comparisons showed that PD-N = PD-MCI = PD-D; PD<PD-D.
f Pairwise comparisons showed that PD-N = PD-MCI = PD-D; PD-N>PD-D.