Table 4.
Potential benefits of CGM in our ICU
| Per patient | Blood glucose 3 days before CGM | Blood glucose 3 days during CGM* | Blood glucose 3 days after CGM | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Longitudinal analysis. Blood glucose metrics before/during/after CGM. n = 10 patients, 998 blood glucose values | ||||
| Number of BGA | 30 [25/40] | 35.5 [28/41] | 26.5 [22/34] | p = .001§ |
| Number of hypoglycemia | 0 [0/0] | 0 [0/0] | 0 [0/0] | p = 1.00 |
| Number of hyperglycemia | 3 [1/4] | 2.5 [1/5] | 2 [1/3] | p = .779 |
| Time in target (in %) | 82.5 [74/98.2] | 81.6 [68.9/95.6] | 88.7 [81.3/94.3] | p = .452 |
| Time <71 mg/dl (in %) | 0 [0/0] | 0 [0/0] | 0 [0/0] | p = 1.00 |
| Time >149 mg/dl (in %) | 17.5 [1.8/26] | 18.4 [4.4/31.1] | 11.3 [5.7/15.4] | p = .717 |
| Blood glucose min (mg/dl) | 89 [80/100] | 85 [73/106] | 97.5 [85/110] | p = .273 |
| Blood glucose max (mg/dl) | 173.5 [162/187] | 202 [159/218] | 166 [153/185] | p = .014# |
| Mean glucose level (mg/dl) | 134 [126.1/137.1] | 130.7 [123.5/139] | 128.5 [120.6/138.4] | p = .497 |
| Mean glucose SD (mg/dl) | 18.9 [15.8/22.4] | 20.7 [17.6/36.4] | 16.2 [11.6/24.2] | p = .741 |
| Per patient | Blood glucose values (n = 239) | CGM sensor glucose (n = 34056) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (b) Parallel analysis. Comparison of intermittent blood glucose to CGM glucose metrics including the total number of CGM readings, n = 8 patients MARD < 14 %, 239 blood glucose values, 32,044 CGM values | |||
| Number of readings | 29.5 [26.5/31.5] | 3975 [3780/4109] | p = .012 |
| Number of hypoglycemia | 0 [0/0] | 0.5 [0/2] | p = .066 |
| Number of hyperglycemia | 1 [1/5] | 7 [6/18] | p = .018 |
| Time in target range (in %) | 88.7 [60.7/96.5] | 85.2 [57.9/91.6] | p = .208 |
| Time <71 mg/dl (in %) | 0 [0/0] | 0.3 [0/2.3] | p = .068 |
| Time >149 mg/dl (in %) | 11.3 [3.6/39.3] | 14.3 [6.2/40.6] | p = .327 |
| Glucose min (mg/dl) | 103.5 [87/111.5] | 76 [62/91] | p = .017 |
| Glucose max (mg/dl) | 195 [154.5/211] | 186 [178.5/220.5] | p = .208 |
| Mean glucose level (mg/dl) | 130.2 [124.3/147.9] | 128.7 [120.5/147.4] | p = .327 |
| Mean glucose SD (mg/dl) | 19.9 [14.4/22.7] | 20.6 [16.5/28.4] | p = .093 |
| Glycemic lability index | 38.0 [14/53] | 36.9 [18.5/90.7] | p = .674 |
Intra-individual longitudinal and parallel analysis, target range 71–149 mg/dl
Results are expressed as median with interquartile range or as absolute numbers with percentages
Glycemic lability index: time interval 1440 min = 24 h, glucose in mg/dl, sampling interval: blood glucose 120 min = 2 h, sensor glucose 1 min
Number of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia: only events of newly developed hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia were considered in the analysis
BGA blood glucose analysis, SD standard deviation, GLI glycemic lability index
§Wilcoxon test before and during p = .123; before and after p = .05, during and after p = .005
#Wilcoxon test before and during p = .241, before and after p = .415, during and after p = .013
* BGAs during CGM data gaps and times of temporary system failure are included