Table 2.
Characteristics of pain and help-seeking care by indigenous group
| Variable | Mixtec n = 937 |
Chontal n = 124 |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain in the last 7 days (%; 95 % CI) | 432 (46.1; 42.8–49.3) | 51 (41.1; 32.3–50.3) | 483 (45.5; 42.4–48.5) |
| Pain intensity | |||
| No pain | 4 (0.9) | – | 4 (0.8) |
| Some pain | 163 (37.7) | 16 (31.3) | 179 (37.0) |
| Severe pain | 143 (33.1) | 13 (25.4) | 156 (32.2) |
| The most severe pain | 122 (28.2) | 22 (15.6) | 144 (29.8) |
| Historic pain | 612 (65.2; 62.0–68.2) | 81 (65.3; 56.2–73.6) | 693 (65.3; 62.3–68.1) |
| Functional limitation in the last 7 days, n (%) | n = 431a | n = 51 | n = 482 a |
| No limitation | 385 (89.3) | 44 (86.2) | 429 (89) |
| Past limitation | 35 (8.1) | 7 (13.7) | 42 (8.7) |
| Current limitation | 11 (2.8) | 0 | 11 (2.2) |
| Functional capacity, HAQ-DI scoreb | 0 (0–0.2) | 0 (0–0.2) | 0 (0–0.2) |
| Treatment for pain in the last 7 days, n (%) | 199/432 (46.0) | 19/51 (37.2) | 218/483 (45.1) |
| Treatment for historic pain, n (%) | 228/611 (37.3) | 30/81 (37.0) | 318 /693 (45.8) |
| Type of health care professional | |||
| Non-homeopathic | 177 /432 (40.9) | 16/51 (31.3) | 193/483 (39.9) |
| Traditional alternative medicinec | 16/432 (3.7) | 0 | 15/483 (3.1) |
| Self-care | 15/432 (3.4) | 3/51 (5.8) | 18 /483 (3.7) |
| Not seeking care | 225/432 (52.0) | 32/51 (62.7) | 257/483 (53.2) |
| Coping with discomfort | n = 313 a | n = 21 a | n = 334 a |
| No coping | 8 (2.5) | 2 (9.5) | 10 (2.9) |
| Some coping* | 73 (23.3) | 12 (57.1) | 85 (25.4) |
| Good coping* | 232 (74.1) | 7 (33.3) | 239 (71.5) |
NS not significant, Chi-square test (dichotomous). One-way analysis-of-variance (ANOVA), SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
*Significant at α = 0.05
aMissing data
bMedian (IQR) median (IQR); Kruskal-Wallis test
cSpiritualist, bone setter, herbalist, traditional healer, or chiropractor