Table I.
Dysregulated exosomal miRNAs in cancer
| Cancer type | Clinical samples | Isolation and quantification method | Dysregulated ex-miRNAs Fold increase (↑)/decrease (↓) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ovarian cancer (8) | Serum samples from patients with malignant ovarian cancer (n=50) compared to patients with benign ovarian cancer (n=10) | 1. Magnetic-activated cell sorting using anti-EpCAM 2. Microarray |
miR-21 (3↑), miR-141 (3↑), miR-200a (3↑), miR-200c (2.5↑), miR-203 (2↑), miR-205 (3.5↑) and miR-214 (5↑) |
| Lung adenocarcinoma (45) | Plasma from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (n=27) compared to plasma from normal controls (n=9) | 1. Size exclusion chromatography and magnetic-activated cell sorting using anti-EpCAM 2. Microarray |
miR-17-3p (↑), miR-21 (↑), miR-106a (↑), miR-146 (↑), miR-155 (↑), miR-191 (↑), miR-192 (↑), miR-203 (↑), miR-205 (↑), miR-210 (↑), miR-212 (↑) and miR-214 (↑) |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (71) | Serum samples from NPC patients (n=83) compared to healthy controls (n=10) | 1. Ultracentrifugation 2. Microarray |
miR-24-3p (2↑), miR-891a (2↑), miR-106a-5p (3↑), miR-20a-5p (3↑) and miR-1908 (3↑) |
| Breast cancer (49) | Serum samples from breast cancer patients (n=168) and benign breast cancer patients (n=19) compared to healthy controls (n=28) | 1. ExoQuick exosome precipitation 2. RT-PCR |
miR-101 (↑), miR-372 (↑) and miR-373 (↑) |
| Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (50,61) | Serum samples from OSCC patients (n=51) compared to patients with benign diseases such as asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis and hernia (n=41) Serum samples from OSCC patients (n=101) compared to normal controls (n=46) Human OSCC cell lines compared to human fibroblast cell lines |
1. ExoQuick exosome precipitation 2. RT-PCR 1. Ultracentrifugation 2. RT-qPCR |
miR-21 (>2↑) miR-1246 (>2↑) |
| Pancreatic cancer (51) | Serum samples from pancreatic cancer patients (n=22), benign pancreatic cancer patients (n=6) and ampullary carcinoma patients (n=7) compared to healthy controls (n=8) | 1. Ultracentrifugation 2. RT-PCR |
miR-21 (6↑) and miR-17-5p (3↑) |
| Brain metastatic melanoma and breast cancer (52) | Brain metastatic melanoma and breast cancer cell lines compared to non-brain metastatic cell lines | 1. ExoQuick exosome precipitation 2. RT-PCR |
miR-210 (3↑), miR-19a (2.5↓) and miR-29c (2↓) |
| Docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (59) | Docetaxel resistant compared to non-resistant prostate cancer cell lines | 1. Ultracentrifugation 2. RT-PCR |
miR-598 (2↓), miR-148a (2.4↓), miR-34a (11↓) and miR-146a (3↑) |
Fold changes in miRNAs are included in right-hand column where known.