Significant differences in protein/peptide levels between lung-cancer PEs (n = 35), other-cancer PEs (n = 7), bacterial-infection PEs (empyema and TB, n = 30), and control PEs (posttraumatic and transudate PEs, n = 17). (A) Comparison of actin and vimentin levels. (B) Comparison of CK levels. Box-plots indicate the median and quartiles, with whiskers indicating the 1.5 interquartile range. Statistical significance is indicated using the Mann-Whitney U test, **P ≤ .01, *P < .05.