Table 4.
Basic characteristics of the study population
| All subjects (n = 714) | Low-risk subgroup (n = 129) | High-risk subgroup (n = 344) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 66.1 (±9.5) | 61.3 (±9.3) | 69.0 (±8.3) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 493 (71%) | 102 (79%) | 228 (69%) | 0.05 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.5 (±3.6) | 24.9 (±2.5) | 27.2 (±3.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 144.5 (±20.2) | 126.5 (±8.7) | 147.3 (±19.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.4 (±9.5) | 74.2 (±6.7) | 79.0 (±9.5) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 75 (40–146) | 51 (29–74) | 101 (57–206) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP > 125 (pg/mL) | 204 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 132 (40%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular medication | 321 (46%) | 0 (0%) | 318 (96%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 255 (36%) | 0 (0%) | 253 (76%) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 48 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 47 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 55 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 54 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Geometry | ||||
| LV internal diameter (mm) | 48.5 (±4.3) | 48.4 (±4.2) | 48.3 (±4.3) | 0.84 |
| LVMi (g/m2) | 97.1 (±20.1) | 86.7 (±14.6) | 100.5 (±20.6) | <0.001 |
| LV hypertrophy | 151 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 86 (26%) | <0.001 |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 28.2 (±8.4) | 24.3 (±5.7) | 31.4 (±8.9) | <0.001 |
| Doppler | ||||
| E/A | 1.0 (±0.3) | 1.2 (±0.4) | 1.0 (±0.3) | <0.001 |
| E/E′avg | 7.5 (±2.2) | 6.3 (±1.5) | 8.1 (±2.4) | <0.001 |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 236.2 (±66.3) | 230.4 (±68.2) | 240.0 (±66.7) | 0.06 |
| E′sep (cm/s) | 7.1 (±1.9) | 8.1 (±1.9) | 6.6 (±1.8) | <0.001 |
| E′lat (cm/s) | 9.0 (±2.5) | 10.1 (±2.6) | 8.5 (±2.3) | <0.001 |
Categorical variables presented as counts and percentages and continuous variables as mean ± SD, except for NT-proBNP in which the median and interquartile ranges were used because the distribution was non-normal. LV, left ventricle; LVMi, LV mass index; LAVi, left atrial volume index; E, early mitral inflow velocity; A, late mitral inflow velocity; E′, early myocardial tissue velocity; E′avg, E′ averaged for septal and lateral walls; E′sep, E′ of the septal wall; E′lat, E′ of the lateral wall.
aP-value for differences between the low- and high-risk subgroups.