Table 3. Associations between sociodemographic, alcohol use, HIV-related and partner-related variables and depressive symptoms.
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (CI = 95%) | Adjusted OR (CI = 95%)a |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics and alcohol use | ||
| Age | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | NS |
| Educational attainment | ||
| <Grade 10 | 1.00 | NS |
| Grade 10–11 | 0.89 (0.60–1.31) | |
| Grade 12 or more | 0.52 (0.34–0.85)** | |
| Employed (reference = not employed) | 0.60 (0.40–0.91)* | 0.57 (0.37–0.88)** |
| Income (South African Rand) | ||
| <310 | 1.00 | NS |
| 310–949 | 1.15 (0.80–1.68) | |
| 950 or more | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | |
| Number of children | ||
| None | 1.00 | NS |
| One | 1.16 (0.77–1.77) | |
| Two or more | 1.10 (0.73–1.66) | |
| Pregnancy unplanned (ref = planned) | 1.75 (1.29–2.39)*** | 1.69 (1.22–2.33)** |
| Whether participant has had more than 2 drinks on one occasion in the past 4 weeks (ref = no) | 1.48 (0.95–2.31) | NS |
| HIV-related variables | ||
| Diagnosed with HIV in this pregnancy (ref = no) | 1.05 (0.78–1.43) | NS |
| Disclosure of HIV serostatus to anyone (ref = no) | 0.79 (0.56–1.11) | NS |
| Months since ART initiation | 0.996 (0.99–1.003) | NS |
| HIV-positive children (ref = no or do not know) | 0.34 (0.14–0.82)* | 0.28 (0.11–0.71)** |
| Internalized AIDS stigma (score 1 or more) (ref = 0) | 1.55 (1.14–2.12)* | NS |
| Adherence (ref = nonadherent) | 0.49 (0.35–0.68)*** | 0.51 (0.36–0.72)*** |
| Partner variables | ||
| Disclosure of HIV serostatus to partner (ref = no) | 0.78 (0.49–1.23) | NS |
| HIV-positive partner (ref = no or do not know) | 1.42 (0.997–2.03) | NS |
| Non condom use at last sex (ref = yes) | 1.69 (1.24–2.30)** | 1.47 (1.05–2.06)* |
| IPV (ref = no) | 2.25 (1.51–3.34)*** | 1.99 (1.30–3.03)** |
| Male involvement index | 0.91 (0.86–0.95)*** | 0.93 (0.88–0.9)* |
Note: NS = not significant in multivariable model; ART = antiretroviral therapy.
aHosmer and Lemeshow chi-square = 25.44, p < .05; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.14.
***P < .001.
**P < .01.
*P < .05.