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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2015 Sep 10;607:17–22. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.006

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Effects of ketamine and ALCAR on 5-HT metabolism in zebrafish embryos. Embryos at 52 hpf were treated with lower doses of ketamine (0.1–0.3 mM) as well as 2 mM ketamine (internal exposure equivalent to human anesthetic dose), 2 mM ketamine + 0.5 mM ALCAR and 0.5 mM ALCAR alone. Twenty four hours post exposure 76 hpf embryos were processed for 5-HT as well as its metabolites, 5-HIAA measurements using HPLC/EC. The rate of 5-HT metabolism was calculated using the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The ratios for the embryos treated with 0.1–0.3 mM ketamine (A) or treated with 2 mM ketamine, 2 mM ketamine + 0.5 mM ALCAR and 0.5 mM ALCAR alone (B) are presented. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc analyses were used to obtain statistical significance (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001) of variation between the experimental groups as well as with the control.