Table 1.
Balance Error Scoring System outline, adapted from Reimann et al.15
| Errors | |
|---|---|
| Lifting hands off iliac crests | Remaining out of the test position for more than 5 seconds |
| Opening eyes | Moving hip into more than 30° of flexion or abduction |
| Stepping, stumbling, or falling | Lifting forefoot or heel |
|
Scoring system – one point given for each error above, with a maximum of 10 points per
test. Total scores range from 0 to 60. | |
| 1. Double-firm – Narrow bilateral stance with medial aspects of feet together | |
| 2. Single-firm – Standing on non-dominant leg | |
| 3. Tandem-firm – Standing feet in line, with the heel of dominant foot touching the toes of non-dominant foot | |
| 4. Double-foam – Narrow bilateral stance with medial aspects of feet on midline of foam | |
| 5. Single-foam – Standing on non-dominant leg in the middle of the foam | |
| 6. Tandem-foam – Standing diagonally across the middle of the foam, feet in line, with the heel of dominant foot touching the toes of non-dominant foot | |