TABLE 2.
Group Mean and Standard Deviation for MR Measures in DMD and Control, and Across Time in DMD
| Control | DMD Baseline | p (CON vs DMD) | DMD 12 Months | p (change over 1 year) | DMD 12-Month Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A: MRS | ||||||
| VL FF | 0.02±0.01 | 0.18±0.17 | <0.0001 | 0.25±0.19 | <0.0001 | 0.07±0.07 |
| SOL FF | 0.02±0.01 | 0.10±0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.12±0.10 | <0.0001 | 0.03±0.04 |
| VL 1H20T2 (ms) | 28.4±1.4 | 31.5±2.3 | <0.0001 | 31.6±2.6 | NS | 0.1±2.6 |
| SOL 1H20T2 (ms) | 28.2±0.7 | 31.5±2.4 | <0.0001 | 31.4±2.1 | NS | 0.9±2.0 |
| B: MRI-T2 (ms) | ||||||
| BFLH | 32.9±2.7 | 50.4±11.4 | <0.0001 | 56.0±13.2 | <0.0001 | 5.3±5.2 |
| VL | 33.6±2.0 | 48.6±10.4 | <0.0001 | 53.0±11.9 | <0.0001 | 4.2±5.5 |
| GRA | 34.8±4.9 | 39.3±4.9 | <0.0001 | 40.5±6.6 | NS | 0.9±5.5 |
| PER | 33.0±1.6 | 42.5±7.0 | <0.0001 | 45.2±8.0 | <0.0001 | 2.4±2.8 |
| SOL | 33.3±1.8 | 42.2±5.5 | <0.0001 | 44.5±6.4 | <0.0001 | 2.1±2.8 |
| MG | 32.3±1.7 | 42.1±6.4 | <0.0001 | 44.1±8.2 | <0.0001 | 2.0±3.7 |
| TP | 32.8±1.1 | 36.5±2.4 | <0.0001 | 37.3±2.9 | <0.0001 | 1.0±2.6 |
| TA | 31.9±1.3 | 37.5±4.6 | <0.0001 | 38.6±5.2 | 0.0004 | 0.9±2.0 |
All MR biomarkers were elevated in DMD compared to control subjects. Both FF (A) and MRI-T2 (B) changed significantly over 1 year. 1H20T2 values were significantly elevated in DMD compared to controls, but did not change over 1 year. BFLH=long head of the biceps femoris; CON=; DMD=Duchenne muscular dystrophy; FF=fat fraction; GRA=gracilis; MG=medial gastrocnemius; MR=magnetic resonance; MRI=magnetic resonance imaging; MRS=magnetic resonance spectroscopy; PER=peroneals; SOL=soleus; TA=tibialis anterior; TP=tibialis posterior; VL=vastus lateralis.