Table 4.
Adjusted Multivariate Regression Model of CVD Risk Factors and Subjective Social Status and each Objective Socioeconomic Status Variable
| HbA1c | Systolic BP | Diastolic BP | LDL Cholesterol |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) |
P valu e |
Coefficient (95% CI) |
P valu e |
Coefficient (95% CI) |
P valu e |
Coeffici ent (95% CI) |
P valu e |
||
|
Subjective Social Status |
|||||||||
| 2 | 1.23 (−0.46 – 2.92) |
0.15 3 |
8.07 (−8.37 – 24.51) |
0.33 5 |
12.14 (1.22 – 23.04) |
0.02 9* |
7.63 (−34.75 – 50.01) |
0.72 3 |
|
| 3 | 0.72 (−0.93 – 2.37) |
0.39 5 |
6.68 (−9.19 – 22.55) |
0.40 8 |
11.53 (1.00 – 22.06) |
0.03 2* |
−9.33 (−50.89 – 32.24) |
0.65 9 |
|
| 4 | 0.83 (−0.66 – 2.32) |
0.27 6 |
3.36 (−11.17 – 17.89) |
0.64 9 |
5.35 (−4.29 – 14.99) |
0.27 6 |
−10.82 (−48.66 – 27.04) |
0.57 4 |
|
| 5 | 0.05 (−1.33 – 1.44) |
0.94 2 |
0.07 (−13.41 – 13.56) |
0.99 2 |
5.96 (−2.99 – 14.90) |
0.19 1 |
−2.89 (−37.71 – 31.93) |
0.87 0 |
|
| 6 | 0.22 (−1.17 – 1.61) |
0.75 2 |
3.48 (−0.04 – 16.99) |
0.61 3 |
7.33 (−1.64 – 16.29) |
0.10 9 |
−7.80 (−42.89 – 27.29) |
0.66 2 |
|
| 7 | 0.54 (−0.87 – 1.96) |
0.45 0 |
6.60 (−7.15 – 20.35) |
0.34 6 |
5.93 (−3.20 – 15.05) |
0.20 2 |
−14.19 (−42.89 – 27.29) |
0.43 3 |
|
| 8 | 0.83 (−0.62 – 2.28) |
0.26 2 |
0.63 (−13.49 – 14.74) |
0.93 0 |
9.40 (0.029 – 18.76) |
0.04 9* |
−2.91 (−39.57 – 33.74) |
0.87 6 |
|
| 9 | 0.87 (−0.57 – 2.39) |
0.32 1 |
11.06 (−5.62 – 27.73) |
0.19 3 |
12.12 (1.05 – 23.18) |
0.03 2* |
−5.89 (−48.81 – 37.03) |
0.78 7 |
|
| 10 | 0.91 (−0.57 – 2.39) |
0.22 6 |
−0.15 (−14.44 – 14.15) |
0.98 4 |
6.05 (−3.43 – 15.54) |
0.21 0 |
−9.47 (−46.77 – 27.84) |
0.61 8 |
|
|
Objective Socioeconom ic Status |
|||||||||
| Income | |||||||||
| $10,000–14, 999 |
−0.17 (−0.97 – 0.63) |
0.67 4 |
2.19 (−8.37 – 24.51) |
0.57 7 |
−3.23 (−8.36 – 1.89) |
0.21 5 |
−17.28 (−37.95 – 3.39) |
0.10 1 |
|
| $15,000– $19,999 |
−0.29 (−1.19 – 0.61) |
0.52 5 |
−0.63 (−9.28 – 8.03) |
0.88 7 |
−0.55 (−6.30 – 5.19) |
0.84 9 |
−18.84 (−42.53 – 4.84) |
0.11 8 |
|
| $20,000– $24,999 |
−0.13 (−1.06 – 0.80) |
0.78 2 |
2.05 (−6.92 – 11.03) |
0.65 2 |
−2.42 (−8.37 – 3.54) |
0.42 6 |
−22.73 (−46.59 – 1.12) |
0.06 2 |
|
| $25,000– $34,999 |
−0.61 (−1.49 – 0.61) |
0.17 3 |
3.15 (−5.33 – 11.64) |
0.46 5 |
−3.20 (−8.83 – 2.43) |
0.26 4 |
−18.29 (−41.18 – 4.60) |
0.11 7 |
|
| $35,000– $49,999 |
0.40 (−0.56 – 1.35) |
0.41 2 |
−2.17 (−11.44 – 7.12) |
0.64 6 |
−3.50 (−9.66 – 2.65) |
0.26 4 |
−24.22 (−48.94 – 0.51) |
0.05 5 |
|
| $50,000– $74,999 |
0.13 (−0.85 – 1.11) |
0.79 0 |
0.91 (−8.60 – 10.42) |
0.85 0 |
−1.57 (−7.88 – 4.74) |
0.62 4 |
−8.33 (−33.59 – 16.94) |
0.51 7 |
|
| ≥$75,000 | −0.07 (−1.13 – 1.00) |
0.89 9 |
1.93 (−8.34 – 12.20) |
0.71 1 |
−2.20 (−9.01 – 4.62) |
0.52 6 |
−32.54 (60.18 – −4.91) |
0.02 1* |
|
|
Education Level |
|||||||||
| High school | −0.49 (−1.17 – 0.19) |
0.15 7 |
3.87 (−2.74 – 10.48) |
0.25 1 |
0.43 (−3.96 – 4.82) |
0.84 7 |
−8.36 (−25.85 – 9.14) |
0.34 8 |
|
| College | −0.29 (−0.97 – 0.39) |
0.40 3 |
2.62 (−4.02 – 9.25) |
0.43 8 |
0.64 (−3.77 – 5.03) |
0.77 6 |
0.04 (−17.71 – 17.78) |
0.99 7 |
|
| Graduate School |
−0.93 (−1.90 – 0.04) |
0.06 0 |
−1.50 (−10.87 – 7.87) |
0.75 3 |
0.45 (−9.01 – 4.61) |
0.88 8 |
7.78 (−17.27 – 32.83) |
0.54 1 |
|
|
Employment Status |
|||||||||
| Employed | −0.62 (−1.19 – − 0.04) |
0.03 6* |
−0.03 (−5.56 – 5.51) |
0.99 3 |
−1.29 (−4.97 – 2.38) |
0.48 9 |
23.56 (8.78 – 38.35) |
0.00 2* |
|
*
Statistically significant at p < 0.05
Reference groups: Subjective Social Status—Rung 1; Objective Socioeconomic Status— income level $0–9,999, education <high school, and being unemployed.
Covariates include subjective social status, income, objective social status (education, employment), age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance, study site and comorbidity. Multicollinearity was tested for each model using Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). The range of VIF in our analyses was from 3.71 to 4.25. VIF>10 may indicate collinearity between variables.