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Vaccine effectiveness in humans as a function of the pepitope antigenic distance. Vaccine effectiveness values from epidemiological studies of healthy adults, aged approximately 18–65, are shown (triangles). Also shown is a linear fit to the data (solid, R2 = 0.75). Vaccine effectiveness declines to zero at pepitope = 0.19 on average. The error bars show the standard estimate of the mean of each sample point, as discussed in the text.
