Table 3.
Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | 0.63 (0.24) |
0.67 (0.25) |
0.61 (0.24) |
0.39 (0.67) |
0.71 (0.79) |
1.97 (0.65) |
1.85 (0.80) |
−0.04 (0.78) |
1.85 (0.72) |
3.53 (0.82) |
3.86 (0.84) |
0.00 (0.43) |
1.99 (0.50) |
0.00 (1.01) |
| 1. Child Polygenic Risk Score | — | |||||||||||||
| 2. Mother Polygenic Risk Score | 0.55*** | — | ||||||||||||
| 3. Father Polygenic Risk Score | 0.52*** | 0.21** | — | |||||||||||
| 4. Mother Substance Diagnosis | −0.09 | −0.12* | 0.004 | — | ||||||||||
| 5. Father Substance Diagnosis | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.34*** | — | |||||||||
| Middle Childhood | ||||||||||||||
| 6. Impulsivity (M) | 0.20** | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.16* | — | ||||||||
| 7. Interparental Conflict (MF) | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.34*** | 0.25*** | 0.18** | — | |||||||
| Late Childhood | ||||||||||||||
| 8. Impulsivity (MC) | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.10* | 0.07 | 0.29*** | 0.12* | — | ||||||
| 9. Family Conflict (C) | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.11* | 0.14* | 0.10* | 0.21*** | — | |||||
| 10. Interparental Conflict (MF) | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0.18*** | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.32*** | 0.08 | 0.18*** | — | ||||
| Early Adolescence | ||||||||||||||
| 11. Family Conflict (C) | −0.11 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.13** | 0.13** | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.16** | 0.21*** | 0.40*** | — | |||
| 12. Child Substance Use (C) | −0.02 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.15** | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14** | 0.15** | 0.17*** | 0.30*** | — | ||
| Late Adolescence | ||||||||||||||
| 13. Impulsivity (C) | −0.003 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.11* | 0.15** | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.24*** | 0.001 | 0.21*** | 0.14** | 0.04 | — | |
| Emerging Adulthood | ||||||||||||||
| 14. Substance Use (C) | −0.03 | −0.10 | −0.01 | 0.07 | 0.07 | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.15** | 0.15** | 0.05 | 0.10* | 0.34*** | 0.09* | — |
Note. Parenthesis after variables refers to reporter: C = child report, M = mother report, F = father report.
Scales for measures follow. Polygenic Risk Scores: 0–2, greater scores indicate greater genetic risk for behavioral undercontrol. Parent Substance Diagnosis (Dx): (0) no Dx, (1) Lifetime Dx of either alcohol or drug disorder, (2) Lifetime Dx of both alcohol and drug disorder. Middle childhood impulsivity: 0–3 scale, 3 indicates high impulsivity. Late childhood impulsivity: Standardized factor scores of mother-child report of impulsivity, greater scores indicate greater impulsivity. Late adolescence impulsivity: 1–4 scale, 4 indicates high impulsivity. Middle and late childhood interparental conflict: 1–5 scale, 5 indicates high interparental conflict. Late childhood and early adolescence family conflict: 1–5 scale, 5 indicates high family conflict. Early adolescence and emerging adulthood substance use: Standardized factor scores of illicit drug use, alcohol use, and substance dependence, greater scores indicate greater substance use.
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001.