Table 4.
Mean changes in risk factors for the three weight patterns that are all within 3.0% of baseline at year 4
| Risk factor | Weight pattern | Mean (95% CI) changes |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1–baseline | Year 4–year 1 | Year 4–baseline | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 1. No weight loss | −0.29 (−0.44, −0.14)4,5 | 0.38 (0.19, 0.57) | 0.08 (−0.07, 0.24) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | −0.54 (−0.65, −0.43)1 | 0.63 (0.49, 0.77) | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.20)5 | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | −0.81 (−0.94, −0.68)1 | 0.67 (0.50, 0.84) | −0.14 (−0.27, −0.01)4 | |
| P value | <0.001 | 0.06 | 0.02 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 1. No weight loss | −4.35 (−6.73, −1.96) | 3.63 (0.41, 6.86) | −0.71 (−3.12, 1.70) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | −5.80 (−7.57, −4.04) | 4.75 (2.36, 7.14) | −1.05 (−2.81, 0.71) | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | −7.24 (−9.33, −5.15) | 6.21 (3.39, 9.03) | −1.04 (−3.11, 1.04) | |
| P value | 0.20 | 0.49 | 0.97 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 1. No weight loss | −2.51 (−3.72, −1.31) | 0.56 (−1.04, 2.16) | −1.96 (−3.18, −0.74) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | −2.80 (−3.69, −1.91) | 0.54 (−0.64, 1.73) | −2.26 (−3.15, −1.37) | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | −3.37 (−4.63, −2.51) | 0.96 (−0.44, 2.35) | −2.61 (−3.67, −1.56) | |
| P value | 0.38 | 0.89 | 0.72 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 1. No weight loss | −10.09 (−14.00, −6.18) | −1.33 (−6.61, 3.95)5 | −11.42 (−15.33, −7.50) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | −7.84 (−10.67, −5.00) | −8.73 (−12.59, −4.86) | −16.56 (−19.41, −13.72) | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | −5.92 (−9.26, −2.57) | −9.90 (−14.43, −5.37)1 | −15.81 (−19.16, −12.47) | |
| P value | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.10 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 1. No weight loss | 1.81 (0.63, 3.00)5 | −0.03 (−1.50, 1.44) | 1.78 (0.59, 2.97) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | 2.12 (1.26, 2.98)5 | 0.35 (−0.73, 1.43)5 | 2.48 (1.61, 3.34) | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | 5.11 (4.10, 6.13)1.4 | −1.88 (−3.14, −0.62)4 | 3.23 (2.22, 4.45) | |
| P value | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.18 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1. No Weight Loss | −11.0 (−27.2, 6.2)5 | 9.7 (−11.3, 30.6)5 | −1.4 (−18.6, 15.9) |
| 4. Moderate weight loss/full regain | −16.4 (−31.2, −1.6) | 14.0 (−1.4, 29.3)5 | −5.0 (−20.0, 9.9) | |
| 5. Large weight loss/full regain | −42.8 (−56.1, −29.6)1 | 45.3 (27.4, 63.3)1,4 | −38.7 (−52.1, −25.3) | |
| P value | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.45 | |
Pattern 1: No weight loss, (year 1 and year 4 weight are both within ±3.0% of baseline; N = 158); pattern 4: moderate weight loss/full regain (year 1 weight loss ≥3.0% and <8.0%, but year 4 weight is within ±3.0% of baseline; N = 289); and pattern 5: large weight loss/full regain (year 1 weight is ≥8.0% and <20%, and year 4 weight is within ±3.0% of baseline; N = 210). P values indicate significant differences among the three patterns, with covariate adjustment for baseline level of the risk factor, age, BMI, sex, and change in the use of medications for that risk factor during the 4-year period. Superscript numbers show the difference between groups in the presence of significant pairwise differences (Tukey test, P < 0.05).