Surface MHCI proteins are increased in vivo in MIA offspring. (a) Representative confocal images of cortical P17 control + vehicle, control + ibudilast, MIA + vehicle and MIA + ibudilast offspring, immunostained for sMHCI. (b) Quantification of surface MHCI. Two-way ANOVA was first used to test for the presence of interaction between drug treatment and experimental groups. This revealed an interaction consistent with the observation that ibudilast decreased sMHCI in the MIA offspring but had no effect on the controls (F(1, 28) = 6.779, P = 0.015). Post hoc two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction confirms an increase in sMHCI in MIA + vehicle offspring (control + vehicle: 115 ± 12.2 a.u., n = 8; MIA + vehicle: 158.3 ± 9.3 a.u., n = 8, P = 0.01) but the increase is not completely prevented by the postnatal treatment with ibudilast (MIA + ibudilast: 130.9 ± 5.7 a.u., n = 8, MIA + vehicle: 158.3 ± 9.3 a.u., n = 8, P = 0.16).