Table 1. Baseline and perioperative patients’ characteristics.
| Prewarming group | Control group | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 20) | (n = 20) | |||
| Age (yr) | 63 ± 9 | 66 ± 8 | 0.281 | |
| Female | 6 (30%) | 4 (20%) | 0.716 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 2.2 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | 0.758 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.612 | |
| ASA class | 0.342 | |||
| II | 4 (20%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| III | 16 (80%) | 19 (95%) | ||
| Smoking history | 0.546 | |||
| Never smoker | 8 (40%) | 9 (45%) | ||
| Current smoker | 7 (35%) | 4 (20%) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 5 (25%) | 7 (35%) | ||
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 14 (70%) | 11 (55%) | 0.327 | |
| Diabetes | 6 (30%) | 12 (60%) | 0.057 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (5%) | 4 (20%) | 0.342 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 10 (50%) | 11 (55%) | 0.752 | |
| Chronic kidney dysfunction | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Preoperative medications | ||||
| ACEi | 6 (30%) | 3 (15%) | 0.451 | |
| ARB | 5 (25%) | 2 (10%) | 0.407 | |
| BB | 10 (50%) | 11 (55%) | 0.752 | |
| CCB | 12 (60%) | 8 (40%) | 0.206 | |
| Diuretics | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | > 0.999 | |
| Aspirin | 19 (95%) | 18 (90%) | > 0.999 | |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | > 0.999 | |
| Statins | 17 (85%) | 15 (75%) | 0.695 | |
| OHA | 6 (30%) | 9 (45%) | 0.327 | |
| Nitrate | 15 (75%) | 15 (75%) | > 0.999 | |
| Nitroglycerine | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) | ||
| Nicorandil | 6 (30%) | 5 (25%) | 0.723 | |
| Preoperative LV EF (%) | 60 ± 6 | 56 ± 7 | 0.118 | |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.2 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | 0.166 | |
| Preoperative troponin I (ng/mL) | 0.08 ± 0.24 | 0.06 ± 0.19 | 0.793 | |
| EuroSCORE II (%) | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.298 | |
| Number of grafts | 4 (2–4 [1–5]) | 4 (3–4 [1–6]) | 0.516 | |
| Target vessels | ||||
| LAD | 17 (85%) | 18 (90%) | > 0.999 | |
| D | 14 (70%) | 17 (85%) | 0.451 | |
| OM | 13 (65%) | 16 (80%) | 0.288 | |
| PDA | 13 (65%) | 9 (45%) | 0.204 | |
| PLB | 5 (25%) | 4 (20%) | > 0.999 | |
| R or RI | 4 (20%) | 3 (15%) | > 0.999 | |
| RCA | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | 0.487 | |
| Anesthesia time (min) | 437 ± 50 | 435 ± 68 | 0.917 | |
| Coronary anastomosis time (min) | 105 ± 34 | 109 ± 41 | 0.735 | |
| Infused crystalloid (mL) | 3335 ± 1253 | 3998 ± 1519 | 0.140 | |
| Infused colloid (mL) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 901 ± 374 | 1013 ± 513 | 0.438 | |
| Intraoperative urinary output (mL) | 1140 ± 605 | 1276 ± 894 | 0.576 | |
Values are means ± SD, numbers (%) or median (IQR [range]). ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, beta-blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; LAD, left anterior descending artery; D, diagonal branch; OM, obtuse marginal branch; PDA, posterior descending artery; PLB, posterolateral branch; R, ramus branch; RI, ramus intermedius branch; RCA, right coronary artery.