Figure 11.

Cerium oxide NPs modulate ZnO NP-induced cell death.

Notes: (A) Cytotoxicity effects of CeO₂ NPs on cancerous Jurkat T cells when exposed to different concentrations of CeO₂ NPs (−35 mV) for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using flow cytometry and PI staining (n=4, means ± standard error). Results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, and no significant differences were detected (P<0.05). Error bars are small and covered up by data symbols. (B) Effect of concurrent exposure of CeO₂ and ZnO NPs on Jurkat cell viability. Jurkat cells were exposed to 0.25 mM of differently charged ZnO NPs (−30, −9, and +44 mV) and different concentrations of CeO₂ NPs (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM; −35 mV), and cell viability was determined using flow cytometry and PI staining (means ± standard error of the mean, n=3). Results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA, and asterisks denote statistical significance (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; PI, propidium iodide; ANOVA, analysis of variance.