Table 4. Characteristics of the FINDRISC questionnaire using different cut-off values for dysglycaemia.
| GOLD STANDARD | FINDRISC Cut-off | Sensitivity (%) (95%CI) | Specificity (%) (95%CI) | PPV (%) (95%CI) | NPV (%) (95%CI) | LR+ (95%CI) | LR- (95%CI) | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (N: 1,425 participants) | ||||||||
| ≥9 | 78.3 (75.1–81.2) | 34.4 (30.9–38.1) | 56.0 (52.9–59.1) | 59.7 (54.7–64.5) | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | 0.63 (0.53–0.75) | 1,028 (72.1) | |
| ≥10 | 70.7 (67.2–73.9) | 43.7 (40.0–47.5) | 57.3 (54.0–60.5) | 58.2 (53.8–62.5) | 1.25 (1.16–1.36) | 0.67 (0.58–0.77) | 908 (63.7) | |
| ≥11 | 63.3 (59.7–66.8) | 54.4 (50.6–58.2) | 59.7 (56.2–63.2) | 58.1 (54.2–62.0) | 1.39 (1.26–1.53) | 0.67 (0.60–0.76) | 780 (54.7) | |
| ≥12 | 54.1 (50.4–57.7) | 64.3 (60.6–67.9) | 61.8 (57.9–65.6) | 56.7 (53.2–60.2) | 1.51 (1.34–1.71) | 0.71 (0.66–0.79) | 644 (45.2) | |
| ≥13 | 45.0 (41.4–48.7) | 71.4 (67.9–74.7) | 62.7 (58.4–66.8) | 54.9 (51.5–58.1) | 1.57 (1.36–1.81) | 0.77 (0.71–0.84) | 528 (37.0) | |
| ≥14 | 35.6 (32.2–39.2) | 80.6 (77.4–83.4) | 66.2 (61.2–70.8) | 53.9 (50.8–57.0) | 1.83 (1.53–2.19) | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) | 396 (27.8) | |
| ≥15 | 28.5 (25.3–32.0) | 85.3 (82.4–87.9) | 67.5 (62.0–72.6) | 52.8 (49.8–55.7) | 1.95 (1.57–2.41) | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) | 311 (21.8) | |
| ≥16 | 21.1 (18.2–24.2) | 91.0 (88.6–93.0) | 71.4 (64.9–77.2) | 51.9 (49.0–54.8) | 2.34 (1.78–3.08) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 217 (15.2) | |
| OGTT (N: 1,408 participants) | ||||||||
| ≥9 | 85.1 (80.9–88.6) | 32.4 (29.6–35.4) | 29.4 (26.7–32.4) | 86.8 (83.0–89.9) | 1.26 (1.19–1.34) | 0.46 (0.35–0.60) | 1,028 (72.1) | |
| ≥10 | 78.9 (74.1–82.9) | 41.4 (38.4–44.4) | 30.8 (27.8–34.0) | 85.6 (82.1–88.4) | 1.35 (1.25–1.45) | 0.51 (0.41–0.63) | 908 (63.7) | |
| ≥11 | 71.7 (66.6–76.3) | 51.0 (47.9–54.0) | 32.6 (29.3–36.1) | 84.5 (81.4–87.2) | 1.46 (1.34–1.60) | 0.56 (0.47–0.66) | 780 (54.7) | |
| ≥12 | 62.3 (57.0–67.3) | 60.5 (57.5–63.4) | 34.3 (30.6–38.1) | 82.9 (80.0–85.5) | 1.58 (1.41–1.76) | 0.62 (0.54–0.72) | 644 (45.2) | |
| ≥13 | 54.3 (48.9–59.6) | 68.7 (65.8–71.5) | 36.5 (32.4–40.8) | 82.0 (79.2–84.4) | 1.74 (1.52–1.98) | 0.67 (0.59–0.75) | 528 (37.0) | |
| ≥14 | 44.6 (39.3–50.0) | 77.8 (75.1–80.2) | 39.9 (35.0–45.0) | 80.9 (78.3–83.3) | 2.01 (1.71–2.36) | 0.71 (0.65–0.79) | 396 (27.8) | |
| ≥15 | 37.4 (32.3–42.8) | 83.3 (80.9–85.4) | 42.5 (37.0–48.3) | 80.1 (77.6–82.4) | 2.24 (1.85–2.71) | 0.75 (0.69–0.82) | 311 (21.8) | |
| ≥16 | 28.3 (23.7–33.4) | 89.0 (87.0–90.8) | 46.1 (39.3–53.0) | 79.0 (76.5–81.2) | 2.58 (2.03–3.28) | 0.81 (0.75–0.86) | 217 (15.2) | |
| FPG (N: 1,426 participants) | ||||||||
| ≥9 | 79.1 (75.8–82.0) | 34.5 (31.1–38.1) | 53.2 (50.1–56.3) | 63.6 (58.6–68.3) | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | 1,028 (72.1) | |
| ≥10 | 70.7 (67.1–74.0) | 42.9 (39.3–46.6) | 53.9 (50.6–57.1) | 60.8 (56.4–65.0) | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | 0.68 (0.59–0.79) | 908 (63.7) | |
| ≥11 | 62.0 (58.3–65.6) | 52.2 (48.5–55.8) | 55.0 (51.4–58.5) | 59.3 (55.4–63.1) | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) | 0.73 (0.65–0.82) | 780 (54.7) | |
| ≥12 | 51.8 (47.9–55.5) | 61.0 (57.4–64.6) | 55.6 (51.7–59.5) | 57.3 (53.7–60.8) | 1.33 (1.18–1.49) | 0.79 (0.72–0.87) | 644 (45.2) | |
| ≥13 | 43.1 (39.4–46.9) | 68.7 (65.2–72.0) | 56.4 (52.1–59.4) | 56.1 (52.8–59.4) | 1.37 (1.20–1.58) | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) | 528 (37.0) | |
| ≥14 | 34.0 (30.5–37.6) | 78.1 (74.9–81.0) | 59.3 (54.3–64.2) | 55.6 (52.5–58.7) | 1.55 (1.30–1.84) | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) | 396 (27.8) | |
| ≥15 | 27.6 (24.3–31.1) | 83.7 (80.7–86.2) | 61.4 (55.7–66.8) | 55.1 (52.1–58.0) | 1.69 (1.38–2.07) | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 311 (21.8) | |
| ≥16 | 21.0 (18.0–24.2) | 90.2 (87.8–92.2) | 66.8 (60.1–73.0) | 54.8 (51.9–57.6) | 2.14 (1.64–2.78) | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | 217 (15.2) | |
| OGTT and HbA1c (N: 1,426 participants) | ||||||||
| ≥9 | 78.0 (75.1–80.7) | 36.7 (32.8–40.8) | 64.6 (61.6–67.5) | 53.0 (48.0–58.0) | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | 0.60 (0.51–0.71) | 1,028 (72.1) | |
| ≥10 | 70.4 (67.2–73.4) | 46.3 (42.1–50.4) | 66.0 (62.8–69.0) | 51.4 (47.0–55.7) | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | 0.64 (0.56–0.73) | 908 (63.7) | |
| ≥11 | 62.4 (59.0–65.7) | 56.7 (52.5–60.8) | 68.1 (64.7–71.3) | 50.5 (46.5–54.4) | 1.44 (1.29–1.60) | 0.66 (0.59–0.74) | 780 (54.7) | |
| ≥12 | 53.0 (49.6–56.4) | 66.4 (62.4–70.3) | 70.0 (66.3–73.5) | 48.9 (45.3–52.4) | 1.58 (1.38–1.80) | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) | 644 (45.2) | |
| ≥13 | 44.5 (41.2–48.0) | 74.1 (70.3–77.6) | 71.8 (67.7–75.5) | 47.4 (44.1–50.8) | 1.72 (1.47–2.01) | 0.75 (0.69–0.81) | 528 (37.0) | |
| ≥14 | 34.6 (31.4–37.9) | 82.3 (78.8–85.3) | 74.2 (69.6–78.4) | 45.9 (42.9–49.0) | 1.95 (1.60–2.38) | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) | 396 (27.8) | |
| ≥15 | 27.9 (24.9–31.0) | 87.1 (84.1–89.7) | 76.2 (71.0–80.8) | 44.9 (42.0–47.9) | 2.16 (1.70–2.75) | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | 311 (21.8) | |
| ≥16 | 20.5 (17.8–23.4) | 92.5 (90.0–94.5) | 80.2 (74.1–85.2) | 44.0 (41.2–46.9) | 2.73 (1.99–3.75) | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) | 217 (15.2) | |