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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosurgery. 2016 Jul;79(1):83–99. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001175

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Summary of Phase 2 surgical management (VA to SCA bypass), with combined (A) temporal and (B) far lateral craniotomies through a single incision, (C) exposure of the donor V3 segment of VA and recipient SCA, (D) completion of the graft to SCA anastomosis, and (E) graft to VA anastomosis with clip occlusion of the dominant VA either extradurally (V3) or intradurally (V4). Suboccipital craniectomy and duroplasty creates space to accommodate cerebellar swelling. Abbreviations: ICA = internal carotid artery; A1 = anterior cerebral artery, A1 segment; M1 = middle cerebral artery, M1 segment; BA = basilar artery; VA = vertebral artery; PICA = posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SCA = superior cerebellar artery; PCA = posterior cerebral artery; RAG = radial artery graft; IX = glossopharyngeal nerve; X = vagus nerve; XI = accessory nerve.