Table 4.
Individual Baseline Risk Factors | N | Functional Disability† at Follow-up | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Separate models for individual risk factors | Model included all five risk factors | ||||
Any ADL vs.no disability | Any IADL only vs. no disability | Any ADL vs.no disability | Any IADL only vs. no disability | ||
Smoking Status | |||||
Never Smoker | 2356 | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 0.61 (0.48–0.79) | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) |
Former Smoker | 1859 | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 0.65 (0.50–0.86) | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) |
Current Smoker (reference) | 1799 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
BP Level/Medication Use (meds) | |||||
≤120/80 mmHg, no meds | 1707 | 0.55 (0.42–0.73) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 0.62 (0.47–0.82) | 0.82 (0.67–1.02) |
>120/80 and ≤140/90, no meds | 1652 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.80 (0.65–0.98) | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.84 (0.69–1.04) |
≥ 140/90 or on meds (reference) | 2655 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Cholesterol Level/Medication Use | |||||
<200 mg/dl‡, no meds | 2623 | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 1.10 (0.83–1.46) | 1.04 (0.83–1.32) |
≥200 and <240, no meds | 2316 | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) |
≥ 240 or on meds (reference) | 1075 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
BMI(kg/m2) | |||||
< 25 | 2631 | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) | 0.53 (0.40–0.68) | 0.39 (0.29–0.54) | 0.54 (0.41–0.71) |
≥25 and <30 | 2667 | 0.43 (0.32–0.59) | 0.61 (0.48–0.79) | 0.44 (0.33–0.60) | 0.63 (0.49–0.81) |
≥30 (reference) | 656 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Diabetes | 100 | 1.12 (0.54–2.35) | 1.24 (0.69–2.23) | 1.18 (0.56–2.49) | 1.27 (0.71–2.29) |
CI indicates confidence interval; ADL indicates Activity of Daily Living; IADL, Instrument Activity of Daily Living; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.
Models adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, and educational attainment.
ADL or IADL items were scored as disabled if the respondents indicated they could not perform the task without help. Functional Disability Index used the combined ADL/IADL scoring approach.
Multiply with 0.0259 to convert to mmol/l.