Fig. 3.
The NF-κB pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of TGF-α promoter activity. (A) Astrocytes were transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of WT or TM TGF-α luciferase plasmid, followed by 24 h treatment with 10 μM of PDTC or QNZ. The luciferase assay was carried out to determine TGF-α promoter activity. (B) EMSA was performed with biotin-labelled oligos harboring −218 NF-κB binding site of TGF-α promoter as described in the Methods section. Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen DNAs and nuclear extract from the kit were used as positive control. A shift containing NF-κB complex is shown with arrow head. (###p<0.001, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001; significantly different from controls; Student’s t-test or ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; N=3).
