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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Jan 21;54(2):964–976. doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-9705-9

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The NF-κB pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of TGF-α promoter activity. (A) Astrocytes were transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of WT or TM TGF-α luciferase plasmid, followed by 24 h treatment with 10 μM of PDTC or QNZ. The luciferase assay was carried out to determine TGF-α promoter activity. (B) EMSA was performed with biotin-labelled oligos harboring −218 NF-κB binding site of TGF-α promoter as described in the Methods section. Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen DNAs and nuclear extract from the kit were used as positive control. A shift containing NF-κB complex is shown with arrow head. (###p<0.001, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001; significantly different from controls; Student’s t-test or ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; N=3).