Fig. 5.

DX enhances TGF-α promoter activity via the NF-kB pathway in astrocytes. (A) Astrocytes were transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of NF-κB reporter plasmid, followed by the treatment with 0-200 nM of DX. NF-κB reporter activity was determined by luciferase assay. (B) Astrocytes were transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of TGF-α luciferase plasmid, followed by 24 h treatment with 10 μM of PDTC or QNZ. The luciferase assay was carried out to determine the TGF-α promoter activity. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ^##p<0.01, ^###p<0.001; significantly different from the control or indicated groups; one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; N=3)