Fig. 6.

Sp1 positively regulates TGF-α promoter activity. (A) Astrocytes were transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of WT or Sp1 binding site mutant (Sp1m, −128 site of TGF-α promoter) TGF-α luciferase plasmid, followed by the determination of TGF-α promoter activity. (B) Cells were co-transfected overnight with 0.5 μg of TGF-α luciferase plasmid and 0.1 μg of either EV eGFP or Sp1, followed by the measurement of TGF-α promoter activity. (C) Cells were transfected overnight with 2 μg of EV eGFP or Sp1, followed TGF-α mRNA analysis by qPCR. The overexpression of Sp1 was confirmed by western blotting. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ^##p<0.01; significantly different from the control; Student’s t-test or ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; N=3).