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. 2016 Jul 22;7:1092. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01092

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Positions of burning (flame, 3–4 s, ∼1 cm2), electrical potential monitoring, and photosynthetic and light absorption parameter measurements in plants. (A) EL and ES, Ag+/AgCl electrodes connected to the leaf and stem, ER, reference electrode; distance between EL and ES, 3–4 cm. ElowCO2 and Econtrol, electrodes from silver wire. (B) Kinetics of leaf light absorption at 530 nm, A530. (C) Kinetics of differences between light absorption at 515 nm and absorption at 550 nm, A515–A550. LS, light scattering; ECSpmf, ECSΔΨ, and ECSΔpH represent electrochromic pigment absorbance shifts proportional to the proton motive force, transmembrane electrical potential, and proton gradient on the thylakoid membrane, respectively.