Table 1.
Comparison of the baseline characteristics of the study subjects
| All subjects | Albuminuria (+) | Albuminuria (−) | ≥Trace proteinuria | Proteinuria (−) | ≥(1+) proteinuria | ≤Trace proteinuria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3446) | (n = 514) | (n = 2932) | (n = 290) | (n = 3156) | (n = 151) | (n = 3295) | |
| Male (%) | 45.0 | 48.1 | 44.6 | 56.2* | 44.0 | 63.3* | 44.3 |
| Age (years) | 62.6 ± 10.4 | 66.8 ± 9.8* | 61.8 ± 10.3 | 63.5 ± 11.0 | 62.4 ± 10.3 | 63.9 ± 11.1 | 62.5 ± 10.3 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134.4 ± 15.8 | 142.6 ± 15.4* | 132.9 ± 15.4 | 139.7 ± 16.0* | 133.8 ± 15.7 | 140.4 ± 14.6* | 134.1 ± 15.8 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.6 ± 10.1 | 82.2 ± 11.0* | 79.1 ± 9.9 | 82.0 ± 11.8* | 79.4 ± 9.9 | 82.6 ± 10.6* | 79.5 ± 10.1 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.68 ± 0.22 | 0.73 ± 0.44* | 0.65 ± 0.15 | 0.78 ± 0.55* | 0.67 ± 0.16 | 0.86 ± 0.73* | 0.67 ± 0.16 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.5 ± 16.5 | 79.1 ± 21.3* | 82.0 ± 15.5 | 77.3 ± 20.9* | 81.9 ± 16.0 | 75.3 ± 21.9* | 81.8 ± 16.2 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 13.9 ± 1.5* | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 14.0 ± 1.6* | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 14.2 ± 1.5* | 13.7 ± 1.5 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 1.5* | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.4* | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.5* | 5.0 ± 1.3 |
| e24UNa (mEq/day) | 201 ± 54 | 209 ± 63* | 199 ± 52 | 169 ± 51* | 203 ± 54 | 171 ± 52* | 202 ± 54 |
| Hypertension (%) | 44.4 | 65.1* | 40.8 | 62.3* | 42.7 | 64.2* | 43.4 |
| Obesity (%) | 30.3 | 41.4* | 28.3 | 40.7* | 29.3 | 43.0* | 29.7 |
| Smoker (%) | 32.4 | 35.8 | 31.8 | 40.7* | 31.7 | 49.7* | 31.6 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 41.6 | 41.2 | 41.7 | 47.2* | 41.1 | 49.0 | 41.3 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.4 | 15.2* | 3.7 | 15.3* | 4.5 | 18.1* | 4.8 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 33.5 | 36.4 | 33.0 | 35.5 | 33.4 | 33.1 | 33.6 |
BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, e24UNa estimated 24 h urinary sodium excretion
Values are reported as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. * P < 0.05 vs. counterparts