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. 2015 Nov 5;20:611–617. doi: 10.1007/s10157-015-1193-0

Table 1.

Comparison of the baseline characteristics of the study subjects

All subjects Albuminuria (+) Albuminuria (−) ≥Trace proteinuria Proteinuria (−) ≥(1+) proteinuria ≤Trace proteinuria
(n = 3446) (n = 514) (n = 2932) (n = 290) (n = 3156) (n = 151) (n = 3295)
Male (%) 45.0 48.1 44.6 56.2* 44.0 63.3* 44.3
Age (years) 62.6 ± 10.4 66.8 ± 9.8* 61.8 ± 10.3 63.5 ± 11.0 62.4 ± 10.3 63.9 ± 11.1 62.5 ± 10.3
Systolic BP (mmHg) 134.4 ± 15.8 142.6 ± 15.4* 132.9 ± 15.4 139.7 ± 16.0* 133.8 ± 15.7 140.4 ± 14.6* 134.1 ± 15.8
Diastolic BP (mmHg) 79.6 ± 10.1 82.2 ± 11.0* 79.1 ± 9.9 82.0 ± 11.8* 79.4 ± 9.9 82.6 ± 10.6* 79.5 ± 10.1
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.68 ± 0.22 0.73 ± 0.44* 0.65 ± 0.15 0.78 ± 0.55* 0.67 ± 0.16 0.86 ± 0.73* 0.67 ± 0.16
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 81.5 ± 16.5 79.1 ± 21.3* 82.0 ± 15.5 77.3 ± 20.9* 81.9 ± 16.0 75.3 ± 21.9* 81.8 ± 16.2
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.7 ± 1.5 13.9 ± 1.5* 13.7 ± 1.5 14.0 ± 1.6* 13.7 ± 1.5 14.2 ± 1.5* 13.7 ± 1.5
Uric acid (mg/dL) 5.1 ± 1.4 5.4 ± 1.5* 5.0 ± 1.3 5.5 ± 1.4* 5.0 ± 1.3 5.6 ± 1.5* 5.0 ± 1.3
e24UNa (mEq/day) 201 ± 54 209 ± 63* 199 ± 52 169 ± 51* 203 ± 54 171 ± 52* 202 ± 54
Hypertension (%) 44.4 65.1* 40.8 62.3* 42.7 64.2* 43.4
Obesity (%) 30.3 41.4* 28.3 40.7* 29.3 43.0* 29.7
Smoker (%) 32.4 35.8 31.8 40.7* 31.7 49.7* 31.6
Alcohol consumption (%) 41.6 41.2 41.7 47.2* 41.1 49.0 41.3
Diabetes (%) 5.4 15.2* 3.7 15.3* 4.5 18.1* 4.8
Hypercholesterolemia (%) 33.5 36.4 33.0 35.5 33.4 33.1 33.6

BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, e24UNa estimated 24 h urinary sodium excretion

Values are reported as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. * P < 0.05 vs. counterparts