Table 2. Energy-, carbohydrate and lipid metabolic biomarkers of all subjects of the BiliHealth study.
| Variable | Mean° (±sd)/median^ (IQR) |
p-value*/T | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GS | C | |||
| Biomarkers of energy metabolism | pAMPK α1/α2 [rfU]^ | 187 (94) n = 58 | 112 (43) n = 56 | 0.000* |
| pPpar α [rfU]° | 400 (±88) n = 57 | 292 (±80) n = 58 | 0.000* | |
| pPpar γ [rfU]° | 1401 (±398) n = 58 | 1086 (±378) n = 58 | 0.000* | |
| PgC 1α [rfU]^ | 206 (56) n = 58 | 165 (55) n = 58 | 0.000* | |
| AMPK α1 expr. [RQ]^ | 0.76 (0.25) n = 60 | 0.80 (0.25) n = 60 | 0.592 | |
| Sirt-1 [ng/mL]^ | 3.16 (1.64) n = 47 | 2.92 (1.18) n = 52 | 0.491 | |
| FGF-21 [μg/mL]^ | 0.35 (0.43) n = 52 | 0.10 (0.43) n = 51 | 0.086T | |
| TSH [μU/mL]^ | 1.8 (1.2) n = 57 | 2.0 (1.2) n = 59 | 0.404 | |
| T3 [pg/mL]° | 3.24 (±0.41) n = 58 | 3.22 (±0.39) n = 59 | 0.844 | |
| T4 [ng/dL]^ | 1.29 (0.20) n = 58 | 1.26 (0.20) n = 59 | 0.105 | |
| BMI [kg/m2]° | 22.8 (±3.0) n = 60 | 25.4 (±4.9) n = 60 | 0.001* | |
| LBM [%]^ | 78.5 (8) n = 59 | 76.2 (13) n = 58 | 0.105 | |
| Biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism | Glucose [mg/dL]^ | 81 (7) n = 59 | 86 (11) n = 60 | 0.004* |
| HbA1c [%]^ | 5.0 (0.4) n = 60 | 5.1 (0.5) n = 60 | 0.116 | |
| C-Peptide [ng/mL]^ | 1.2 (0.6) n = 58 | 1.4 (1) n = 59 | 0.004* | |
| Insulin [μU/mL]^ | 4.1 (2.5) n = 55 | 5.9 (4.7) n = 59 | 0.001* | |
| Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | TChol [mg/dL]^ | 171 (47) n = 58 | 182 (67) n = 60 | 0.112 |
| HDL Chol [mg/dL]^ | 62 (25) n = 58 | 63 (27) n = 60 | 0.726 | |
| LDL Chol [mg/dL]^ | 93 (35) n = 58 | 100 (64) n = 60 | 0.112 | |
| LDL/HDL ratio^ | 1.4 (0.7) n = 58 | 1.6 (1.2) n = 60 | 0.162 | |
| TG [mg/dL]^ | 73 (31) n = 57 | 85 (50) n = 60 | 0.045* | |
| LPA2 [mg/dL]^ | 17 (21) n = 54 | 13 (18) n = 55 | 0.082T | |
| ApoA1 [mg/dL]° | 149 (±27) n = 60 | 152 (±30) n = 60 | 0.638 | |
| ApoB [mg/dL]° | 83 (±24) n = 60 | 90 (±28) n = 60 | 0.194 | |
| Apo B/A1 ratio^ | 0.5 (0.2) n = 59 | 0.6 (0.3) n = 60 | 0.409 | |
(Table 2 summarises and compares (GS versus C) biomarkers of energy-, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of all subjects of the BiliHealth study.
Values are specified as applies according to distribution of data. For parametric variables, means° ± sd are shown, for non-parametric data, medians^ (50th percentiles) and inter-quartile range (IQR) are displayed. Comparison of means for parametric data or of ranks (for non-parametric data) was completed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test. P-value*: significant on a 5% level of significance; p-valueT: trend on a 10% level of trend
Abbreviations: GS: Gilbert’s syndrome; C: Controls; pAMPK α1/α2: Phosphorylated 5′-AMP activated kinase; pPpar α: Phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; pPpar γ: Phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PgC 1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1; AMPK α1 expr.: AMPK gene expression as relative quantification, RQ to cDNA pool; Sirt-1: Sirtuin-1; FGF-21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; T3: Free triiodothyronine; T4: Free thyroxine; BMI: Body mass index; LBM: Lean body mass; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; TChol: Total cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LPA2: Lipoprotein A2; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B.