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. 2016 Mar 28;20(8):1427–1442. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12832

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© 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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X22 attenuated HFD‐induced inflammation in HFD‐fed rats. (A) Representative images for immunohistochemical staining for TNF‐α accumulation in the formalin‐fixed myocardial tissues (400× magnification). (B) The mRNA expression of the inflammation markers IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the myocardial tissues. (C) Representative images for immunohistochemical staining for CD68 accumulation in the formalin‐fixed myocardial tissues (400× magnification). (D) The mRNA expression of the adhesion markers VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 in the myocardial tissues. ICAM‐1: intercellular adhesion molecule‐1; VCAM‐1: vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. (E) The Western blot analysis for the protein expression of IκB‐α in the myocardial tissues (#, versus DMSO samples; *, versus HFD samples; ^# and *P < 0.05, ^## and **P < 0.01; n = 7 per group).