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. 2016 Jul 22;5(6):239–246. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.2000469

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© 2016 Ouyang et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributions licence (CC-BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, but not for commercial gain, provided the original author and source are credited.

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graphic file with name bonejointres-05-239-g007.jpg — Measurements of spinal canal volume in the intact state and after 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm pedicle-lengthening at L4 and/or L5: a) the original spinal canal volume (SCV) of control, canal stenosis (CCS), lateral recess stenosis (LRS) and foraminal stenosis (FS) group. SCV was signiﬁcantly larger in the control group compared with the LSS groups, p < 0.001; b) increased percentage of SCV of control, CCS, LRS and FS group after gradual lengthening the L4 pedicle by 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, the percentage increase was LRS>CCS>FS>Control, p < 0.001 for all lengthening distance; c) increased percentage of SCV of control, CCS, LRS and FS group after gradual lengthening the L5 pedicle by 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm. The percentage increase was LRS>FS>CCS>Control, p = 0.003 at 1 mm, p < 0.001 at 2 mm to 5 mm; d) increased percentage of SCV of control, CCS, LRS and FS group after gradual lengthening the L4 and L5 pedicles by 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, the percentage increase was LRS>FS>CCS>Control, p < 0.001 for all lengthening distance.