Figure 4. Average shale-normalised REY patterns of representative samples.

PAAS³⁸ was employed as the average shale. (a–f) correspond to high-IC1 samples, and (g–l) are high-IC4 samples. The REY patterns of biogenic Ca-phosphate in REY-rich mud²⁵ and those in living marine vertebrates²³,³⁹, hydrogenous Fe–Mn oxides³³,⁶⁰, and deep-sea water in the western South Pacific Ocean⁵⁷ and northeastern Indian Ocean⁵⁸ are shown in (m) for comparison.