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. 2016 Jul 22;9:152. doi: 10.1186/s13068-016-0567-1

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Steam explosion effect on biomass structure. Spruce wood chips after a steam pretreatment without (a) and with explosion (b). Shown are the dried screenings of the 6.7-mm sieve. Pretreatment conditions: log R ₀ = 4.4 (T = 235 °C, t = 2.5 min), Δp explosion = 30 bar. c Weight-average particle size of spruce wood chips after steam pretreatments at different severities with and without explosion. Pretreatment conditions: T = 235 °C, t = 2.5–20 min, Δp explosion = 30 bar