Figure 1.

ATMUV infection significantly up-regulated the expression of IFN and ISG in CEF cells. Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were infected with or without ATMUV at a MOI of 1.0 and harvested at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 42 h post-infection (hpi). A–F Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA expression of ATMUV envelop gene (A), chicken type I  (B, D) and type III IFN (C), and key ISG Mx1 (E) and OASL (F). G ATMUV genomic RNA (VG-RNA), viral RNA or control cellular RNA were transfected into CEF cells for 6 h. The mRNA levels of IFN-β, IFN-λ, Mx1 and OASL were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of ATMUV envelop gene at 24–42 hpi was compared to its expression at 12 hpi. The mRNA expression of ATMUV envelop gene at 12 hpi was set to 1.0. The representatives of three independent experiments with similar results are shown. The average levels from three independent experiments are plotted. The error bars represent the S.E. Statistical significance of change was determined by the Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).