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. 2016 Jan 22;10(5):516–524. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw008

Table 2.

Bivariate and multivariate analyses on predictors of immunomodulator initiation.

Bivariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR [95% CI] p-Value HR [95% CI] p-Value
Gender [male] 0.79 [0.46;1.37] 0.416
Active smoker 1.32 [0.72;2.42] 0.361
Localisation of disease *
 Ileum; L1 1 0.166
 Colon: L2 1.69 [0.80;3.56] 0.283
 Ileocolon: L3 1.43 [0.74;2.74]
Behavioura,b
 Pure inflammatory: B1 1
 Stricturing: B2 0.46 [0.21;1.04] 0.063
 Penetrating: B3 0.81 [0.37;1.74] 0.585
Age at diagnosis [years]a
  < 16 1
 17–40 1.03 [0.46;2.32] 0.938
 > 40 1.24 [0.47;3.25] 0.665
Perianal disease 0.97 [0.56;1.67] 0.903
Previous intestinal resection 0.85 [0.47;1.53] 0.591
2nd/3rd/4th line of anti-TNF therapy vs 1st lineb 1.67 [0.97;2.87] 0.0622 2.00[1.15;3.49] 0.014
Anti-TNF type[IFX vs ADA] α 1.92 [1.10;3.35] 0.0214 2.23[1.26;3.95] 0.006
Concomitant treatment
 Oral 5-ASA 1.08 [0.62;1.86] 0.786
 Budesonide 1.41 [0.64;3.14] 0.396
 Systemic [oral or intravenous] 1.52 [0.68;3.36] 0303
 steroids 1.35 [0.73;2.49] 0.334
Indication of anti-TNF initiation
 Steroid-dependent disease 1.21 [0.62;2.34] 0.580
 Steroid-refractory disease 0.73 [0.31;1.71] 0.474
 Failure of a first anti-TNF therapy 1.12 [0.63;2.02] 0.694
 Flare 1.03 [0.44;2.42] 0.938

5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; IFX, infliximab; ADA, adalimumab; HR, hazard ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.

aAccording to the Montreal classification.

bFactors introduced in multivariate analysis.