Table 1.
Demographic and disease-specific characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] and healthy controls.
| IBD | CD | UC | CO | IBD vs CO | CD vs UC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 98 | N = 59 | N = 39 | N = 50 | p | p | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Sex [male/female] | 42/56 | 23/36 | 19/20 | 21/29 | 0.921 | 0.340 |
| Age [years] | 44.4 [31.2;54.4] | 42.8 [30.3;54.1] | 44.8 [32.7;55.0] | 42.6 [30.3;56.6] | 0.712 | 0.591 |
| Height [m] | 1.70 [1.63;1.78] | 1.70 [1.62;1.78] | 1.70 [1.65;1.80] | 1.70 [1.64;1.80] | 0.770 | 0.354 |
| Weight [kg] | 75.0 [62.0;85.3] | 78.0 [62.0;85.0] | 75.0 [62.0;90.0] | 73.0 [63.5;83.0] | 0.418 | 0.752 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 25.5 [22.0;29.1] | 25.9 [21.1;29.4] | 24.5 [22.8;26.9] | 24.1 [22.1;27.9] | 0.169 | 0.495 |
| Current or previous smoking, N [%] | 42 [42.9] | 27 [45.8] | 15 [38.5] | 9 [18.0] | 0.005 | 0.475 |
| Disease-specific characteristics | ||||||
| Duration of disease [years] | 10.0 [4.0;22.3] | 11.0 [4.0;25.0] | 9.0 [4.0;19.0] | - | - | 0.416 |
| Activity index HBI / pMayo-Score | - | 4.0 [2.0;8.0] | 1.0 [1.0;3.0] | - | - | - |
| Disease remission, N [%] | 57 [58.2] | 33 [55.9] | 24 [61.5] | - | - | 0.582 |
| Ileocoecal resection, N [%] | 30 [30.6] | 30 [50.8] | 0 [0] | - | - | < 0.001 |
| Total colectomy, N [%] | 2 [2.0] | 0 [0] | 2 [5.1] | - | - | 0.156 |
| CRP [mg/l] | 3.5 [1.6;8.2] | 3.5 [1.5;8.3] | 3.6 [1.9;8.6] | - | - | 0.723 |
| 25[OH]-Vitamin D3 [ng/ml] | 23.1 [14.4;34.3] | 20.1 [14.0;32.3] | 26.4 [15.5;42.6] | - | - | 0.116 |
| Non-traumatic fractures, N [%] | 7 [7.1] | 3 [5.1] | 4 [10.3] | - | - | 0.431 |
| Treatment modalities | ||||||
| Current biological therapy, N [%]* | 65 [66.3] | 42 [71.2] | 23 [59.0] | - | - | 0.211 |
| N current and previous biologicals* | 1.0 [0.0;1.0] | 1.0 [0.0;1.0] | 1.0 [0.0;1.0] | - | - | 0.715 |
| Current IS therapy, N [%]** | 44 [44.9] | 20 [33.9] | 24 [61.5] | - | - | 0.012 |
| N of current and previous IS** | 1.0 [1.0;2.0] | 1.0 [1.0;2.0] | 2.0 [1.0;2.0] | - | - | 0.508 |
| Current systemic GC, N [%]† | 14 [14.3] | 7 [11.9] | 7 [17.9] | - | - | 0.572 |
| Previous GC – Group I, N [%]‡ | 28 [28.6] | 13 [22.0] | 15 [38.5] | - | - | 0.078 |
| Previous GC – Group II, N [%]‡ | 21 [21.4] | 14 [23.7] | 7 [17.9] | - | - | 0.495 |
| Previous GC – Group III, N [%]‡ | 49 [50] | 32 [54.2] | 17 [43.6] | - | - | 0.302 |
| Current or previous budesonide > 3 months, N [%] |
13 [13.3] | 6 [10.2] | 7 [17.9] | 0.266 | ||
| Current calcium supplementation, N [%] | 27 [27.6] | 16 [27.1] | 11 [28.2] | - | - | 0.906 |
| Current 25[OH]vitamin D3 supplementation, N [%] | 40 [40.8] | 24 [40.7] | 16 [41.0] | - | - | 0.973 |
| Current or previous bisphosphonates, N [%] | 5 [5.1] | 4 [6.8] | 1 [2.6] | - | - | 0.645 |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; CO, controls; BMI, body mass index; HBI, Harvey-BradshawIndex, activity index for Crohn’s Disease; pMayo Score, partial Mayo Subscore [clinical], activity index for ulcerative colitis; disease remission defined as HBI < 5 for Crohn’s disease and pMayo Subscore ≤ 1; CRP, C-reactive protein; IS, immunosuppressive therapy; GC, glucocorticoid* tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, vedolizumab and cyclophosphamide; **azathioprine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, mesalazine and olsalazine; †current glucocorticoids ≥ 5mg prednisolone for at least 3 months; ‡summation of previous systemic glucocorticoid pulse therapy for at least 3 months: group I 0–3 pulses, group II 4–10 pulses, group III > 10 pulses or continuous treatment > 1 year; results are median [25th;75th percentile] or absolute values and percentage. Bold indicates significant differences (p < 0.05).