Table 1.

Adalimumab concentration thresholds during maintenance therapy associated with endoscopic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease.

IBD type	No.	Threshold [μg/ml]	Endoscopic outcome	Definition of mucosal healing	SN	SP	PPV	NPV	Assay	Ref.
CD	60	≥ 8.14a	Mucosal healing	Absence of any ulceration in all ileocolonic segments	91	76	84	86	HMSA	[4]
CD / UC	66 [CD: 59]	≥ 7.5b	Mucosal healing	Lack of any inflammation in the intestinal mucosa [erosions, ulcers, granularity, or friability]	62	83	NR	NR	HMSA	[5]
CD / UC	67 [CD: 58]	> 7.1	Mucosal healing	CD: SES-CD < 3 UC: endoscopic Mayo score < 2 or absence of any sign of inflammation both for CD and UC	32	85	51	72	ELISAc	[6]
CD / UC	40 [CD: 22]	< 4.9	Absence of mucosal healing	CD: disappearance of all ulcerations on all ileocolonic segments UC: endoscopic Mayo score < 2	66	85	88	51	ELISAd	[7]

IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; No., number of patients; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HMSA, homogeneous mobility shift assay; SN, sensitivity; SP, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; Ref., reference; NR, not reported; SES-CD, simple endoscopic score for CD.

^aBased on serum samples collected at intervals of 1-6 days before drug administration date, for patients who received adalimumab every other week or up to 48h before the drugs were administered, for patients who received adalimumab every week.

^bBased on randomly collected serum samples [as opposed to trough serum samples].

^cAnti-human lambda chain detection ELISA.

^dLisa-Tracker Premium ELISA kit [Theradiag, Marne la valée, France].