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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2015 Nov 30;528(7582):352–357. doi: 10.1038/nature15741

Figure 2. Rhythmic sequences in HVC during the protosyllable stage.

Figure 2

a, Three neurons recorded from Bird 2 during protosyllable stage (top: HVCX; 63 dph; bottom: simultaneous recording two neurons; both HVCX; 64 dph; scale bar 0.5 mV). b, Raster plot of 28 HVC projection neurons aligned to protosyllable onsets (sorted by latency; 57–64 dph, Bird 2). Antidromically identified HVCRA neurons indicated by circles at right. c, Distribution of burst latencies relative to syllable onset in subsong stage (top), protosyllable stage (middle), and multi-syllable/motif stages (bottom), across all birds (n=19, 104, 814 neurons, respectively). Black triangle: median burst times.