Table 3.
Crude and multivariate models evaluating the association between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes at 30 years in the Pelotas birth cohort of 1982.
| Mental Disorder |
Breastfeeding |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-Value | <1 m | 1–2.9 m | 3–5.9 m | ≥6 m | |||
| CMD | Crude | PR (95%CI) | p=0.18b | 1 | 0.92 (0.79−1.09) | 0.83 (0.70−0.99) | 0.84 (0.71−0.98) |
| Adjusteda | PR (95%CI) | p=0.14b | 1 | 0.94 (0.78−1.13) | 0.91 (0.75−1.11) | 0.87 (0.72−1.05) | |
| MD | Crude | PR (95%CI) | p=0.08c | 1 | 0.71 (0.51−0.97) | 0.78 (0.57−1.08) | 0.69 (0.51−0.95) |
| Adjusteda | PR (95%CI) | p=0.44c | 1 | 0.79 (0.53−1.16) | 0.93 (0.63−1.38) | 0.77 (0.53−1.12) | |
| GAD | Crude | PR (95%CI) | p=0.40c | 1 | 0.88 (0.69−1.13) | 0.91 (0.71−1.18) | 0.81 (0.63−1.03) |
| Adjusteda | PR (95%CI) | p=0.23c | 1 | 0.86 (0.64−1.16) | 1.02 (0.77−1.37) | 0.79 (0.59−1.06) | |
| SAD | Crude | PR (95%CI) | p=0.54c | 1 | 0.72 (0.44−1.17) | 0.79 (0.49−1.29) | 0.75 (0.48−1.20) |
| Adjusteda | PR (95%CI) | p=0.27c | 1 | 0.61 (0.35−1.08) | 0.90 (0.52−1.55) | 0.66 (0.38−1.15) | |
| BDI-II | Crude | OR (95%CI) | p=0.02b | 1 | 0.89 (0.71−1.11) | 0.85 (0.68−1.07) | 0.77 (0.62−0.96) |
| Adjusteda | OR (95%CI) | p=0.01c | 1 | 0.72 (0.55−0.94) | 0.91 (0.70−1.20) | 0.69 (0.53−0.89) | |
a
Adjusted for sex, ancestry, birth weight, maternal age, maternal education, marital status, previous gestations, income at birth, smoking during pregnancy, type of delivery, assets index, mother nerve problems, father living together and father history of psychiatric illness.
b
Test for linear trend.
c
Wald test p-value for heterogeneity. CMD=Common mental disorders. MD=Major depression. GAD=Generalized anxiety disorder. SAD=Social anxiety disorder. BDI-II=Beck depression inventory.