TABLE 2.

Attributes of SeV as a paramyxovirus vaccine

Major SeV Attributes	References
There has never been a disease in humans known to be caused by SeV. SeV is a pathogen of mice, not humans.	[25,132]
SeV is not an attenuated human virus, and is not burdened by the concern that it may revert to its wildtype phenotype.	[106,107,133]
Following SeV vaccination, viral antigens are expressed endogenously by the mammalian cell and will undergo natural post-translational modifications within the cell, providing a good match for antigens expressed by the target pathogen. Neutralizing antibodies often depend on these precise protein conformations. When vaccine antigens are produced synthetically or in non-mammalian cells, their structures may not be well matched with those of the pathogen target.	[108,134]
SeV induces humoral responses systemically and mucosally. Robust responses in the nasal mucosa may block a respiratory pathogen at its point-of entry.	[100,101]
Endogenous production of viral antigens in SeV-infected cells promotes robust virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses.	[101,109]
Both B cell and T cell immune responses are long sustained.	[100,101]
SeV can be amplified in hens' eggs or mammalian tissue culture lines.	[135]
Phase I clinical studies show that SeV is well tolerated in adults and children.	[104,105]
The majority of children in phase I clinical studies showed improved immune responses following SeV vaccination despite the sero-positivity of children at study entry.	[105]
SeV is efficacious in a maternal antibody model, designed to mimic the passively-acquired maternal antibodies typical of a 2 month old infant.	[118]
SeV vectors and vaccines can be designed to target multiple, different paramyxoviruses, either individually or at the same time.	[121,122]