TABLE 1.

PrEP adherence and factors associated with adherence measured by plasma drug level in MTN-001

	United States				South Africa and Uganda
	Vaginal gel (N=70)		Oral tablets (N=70)		Vaginal gel (N=71)		Oral tablets (N=68)
	Adherent (83%)		Adherent (84%)		Adherent (41%)		Adherent (43%)
	N (%)	p-value^	N (%)	p-value^	N (%)	p-value^	N (%)	p-value^
Sociodemographic factors
Age
18–25	17 (81)	0.74	15 (75)	0.27	4(20)	0.03**	6 (32)	0.29
26–45	41 (84)		44 (88)		25 (49)		23 (47)
Married
Yes	15 (100)	0.06*	14 (93)	0.44	16 (39)	0.81	18 (46)	0.62
No	43 (78)		45 (82)		13 (43)		11 (38)
Educational attainment
Completed secondary or higher	56 (85)	0.13	57 (86)	0.11	8 (35)	0.61	8 (38)	0.79
Less than secondary education	2 (50)		2 (50)		21 (44)		21 (45)
Sexual behaviors
Multiple partners last 3 months
Yes	11 (85)	1.0	10 (91)	1.0	1 (20)	0.64	1 (20)	0.38
No	47 (83)		49 (83)		28 (42)		28 (44)
Male condom use frequency past 3 weeks
Never	26 (87)	0.91	28 (90)	0.48	10 (33)	0.48	16 (57)	0.14
Sometimes	16 (84)		15 (79)		8 (44)		7 (39)
Always	16 (80)		15 (79)		11 (50)		6 (29)
Current contraceptive use
Male condom
Yes	18 (62)	<0.001**	24 (83)	1.0	1 (50)	1.0	1 (50)	1.0
No	40 (98)		35 (85)		28 (41)		28 (42)
Oral contraceptives
Yes	25 (86)	0.75	23 (79)	0.51	4 (33)	0.75	3 (30)	0.50
No	33 (80)		36 (88)		25 (42)		26 (45)
Injectable contraceptives
Yes	5 (56)	0.04**	7 (88)	1.0	21 (40)	1.0	23 (45)	0.58
No	53 (87)		52 (84)		8 (42)		6 (35)
Partner involvement
Partner knew participant was using study product
Yes	55 (82)	1.0	53 (83)	1.0	23 (43)	0.56	24 (45)	0.56
No	2 (100)		2 (100)		5 (33)		5 (36)
Risk perception
Partner's HIV status#
Negative	57 (83)	n/a	54 (83)	n/a	20 (37)	0.23	20 (38)	0.13
Unknown	0		1 (100)		8 (57)		9 (64)
Concern regarding HIV risk in next year
Somewhat or very worried	0	n/a	2 (100)	1.0	17 (41)	1.0	16 (38)	0.45
Not very or not at all worried	58 (83)		57 (84)		12 (41)		13 (50)

^{^}p-values derived from Fisher's exact tests.

^#No participants reported that their partner was HIV positive.

^*p<0.1;

^**p<0.05