Table 2. Simple and partial correlations (Pearson’s) between colony parasite and pathogens for each category.
| A Fall Indoor (N = 45)—Indoor-wintering | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple correlations | Partial correlations | ||||||
| Variable pair | R | P- value | q-value | Variable pair | R | P- value | q-value |
| SBV-KBV | +0.56 | 0.0001 | 0.003* | Pop-IAPV | -0.50 | 0.008 | 0.01* |
| IAPV-KBV | +0.53 | 0.0002 | 0.004* | SBV-KBV | +0.56 | 0.0001 | 0.003* |
| IAPV-CBPV | +0.63 | 0.0001 | 0.003* | IAPV-CBPV | +0.61 | 0.0001 | 0.003* |
| B Fall Outdoor (N = 30)—Outdoor-wintering | |||||||
| Varroa -DWV | +0.70 | 0.0001 | 0.006* | Varroa -DWV | +0.71 | 0.0001 | 0.006* |
| Nosema-DWV | +0.58 | 0.002 | 0.04* | ||||
| C Spring Indoor (N = 41)—Indoor wintering | |||||||
| IAPV-ABPV | +1.00 | 0.0001 | 0.003* | IAPV-ABPV | +1.00 | 0.0001 | 0.003* |
| KBV-CBPV | +0.81 | 0.0001 | 0.003* | KBV-CBPV | +0.80 | 0.0001 | 0.003* |
| Nosema-BQCV | +0.47 | 0.002 | 0.03* | ||||
| D Spring outdoor (N = 29)—Outdoor-wintering | |||||||
| Varroa–DWV | +0.53 | 0.003 | 0.01* | Bee loss-Varroa | +0.61 | 0.0008 | 0.006* |
| DWV-KBV | +0.65 | 0.0002 | 0.001* | Bee loss- DWV | +0.59 | 0.001 | 0.008* |
| DWV-CBPV | +0.78 | 0.0001 | 0.0007* | Bee loss-CBPV | +0.41 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
| BQCV-KBV | +0.45 | 0.01 | 0.03* | Pop-Varroa | -0.55 | 0.003 | 0.02* |
| IAPV-ABPV | +0.72 | 0.0001 | 0.0007* | Pop-DWV | -0.71 | 0.0001 | 0.001* |
| KBV-CBPV | +0.81 | 0.0001 | 0.0007* | DWV-KBV | +0.63 | 0.0005 | 0.005* |
| Nosema-BQCV | +0.50 | 0.006 | 0.02* | DWV-CBPV | +0.71 | 0.0001 | 0.001* |
| BQCV-KBV | +0.55 | 0.004 | 0.02* | ||||
| IAPV-ABPV | +0.77 | 0.0001 | 0.001* | ||||
| KBV-CBPV | +0.79 | 0.0001 | 0.001* | ||||
| Nosema-BQCV | +0.61 | 0.001 | 0.006* | ||||
The number of colonies for each category is shown in parentheses. The Parasite (mean abundance of Varroa and prevalence of tracheal mite) and pathogen (mean abundance of Nosema, log 2-ΔCt of DWV, BQCV, IAPV, SBV, KBV, CBPV and ABPV) levels, percent bee loss over winter and spring colony population size across all samples in fall and spring for indoor and outdoor wintering colonies. Brood area and entrance samples were pooled prior to analysis. Significant correlations are in boldface (q < 0.05). R = correlation coefficient. * = q-values of 0.05 or lower are considered significant. P-value = Pearson’s simple and partial correlations. q-value = FDR adjusted q-values with cut off of 0.2. DWV = deformed wing virus; BQCV = black queen cell virus; SBV = sacbrood virus; IAPV = Israeli acute paralysis virus; KBV = Kashmir bee virus; CBPV = Chronic bee paralysis virus; ABPV = acute bee paralysis virus.