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. 2016 Jul 22;12(7):e1006140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006140

Fig 1. Mutations in the COG3 and COG8 genes cause in vitro pollen tube growth defects.

Fig 1

(A) Exon/intron structures and the positions of T-DNA insertions in the COG3 and COG8 genes. (B) A qrt1-/- quartet with four growing pollen tubes. (C) A normal pollen tube from a qrt1-/- quartet. (D) to (F) Pollen tubes of cog3-/+ qrt1-/- quartets. (G) to (I) Pollen tubes of cog8-/+ qrt1-/- quartets. (D) to (I) Ruptured (black arrowheads), short (white arrowheads), and swollen and wavy (black arrow) pollen tubes were observed in both mutants after 6 h of in vitro germination. (J) Quantitative comparison of pollen tube defects of qrt1-/- (n = 698), cog3-/+ qrt1-/- (n = 712), and cog8-/+ qrt1-/- (n = 716). Short, swollen, and wavy pollen tubes were classified as deformed. Values represent the means ± SD, ** indicates P< 0.001 by Student’s t test. (K) COG3 and COG8 start to express at the bicellular stage of pollen development. DAPI staining of pollen in GUS-stained anthers at the uni-, bi-, or tri-cellular stage is shown in the right corner of each image. (L) Both COG3 and COG8 are expressed in pollen tubes. Bars = 20 μm in (B), 0.5 mm in (K), and 10 μm in (L).