Table 4. Adjusted hazard ratio of tuberculosis found in the follow-up period associated with ACOS and prescriptions of SABAs, SAMAs, LAMAs, LABAs, or ICSs.
| Variables | N | Event | Rate | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ACOS cohort | 42966 | 1202 | 3.99 | 1.00 |
| ACOS cohort | ||||
| Without SABAs and SAMAs | 3501 | 94 | 3.68 | 1.29(1.05–1.60)* |
| Only used SABAs | 1568 | 54 | 4.74 | 1.56(1.18–2.05)*** |
| Only used SAMAs | 207 | 11 | 7.71 | 1.95(1.08–3.54)* |
| Used SABAs and SAMAs | 5475 | 529 | 16.03 | 3.06(2.75–3.41)*** |
| Without LAMAs and LABAs | 8021 | 428 | 8.19 | 2.14(1.91–2.40)*** |
| Only used LAMAs | 287 | 29 | 14.79 | 2.89(2.37–3.35)*** |
| Only used LABAs | 1888 | 150 | 11.33 | 2.66(1.84–3.85)*** |
| Used LAMAs and LABAs | 555 | 81 | 20.66 | 3.68(2.93–4.61)*** |
| Without ICSs | 6697 | 376 | 8.79 | 2.15(1.90–2.43)*** |
| Used ICSs | 4054 | 312 | 10.92 | 2.79(1.25–6.22)* |
ACOS, asthma–COPD overlap syndrome; LABA, long-acting b-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting b-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; Adjusted HR: multiple analysis including sex, age, comorbidity of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, alcohol-related illness, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pneumonia, ischemic heart disease, stroke, postinflammatory pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, and HIV infection.
*p<0.05
***p<0.001.