Table 3. Cronbach’s alpha and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient for retained constructs in the model at individual and environmental level.
| Constructs | Items | Cronbach’s alpha | ICC sum score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual level | |||
| Self-efficacy | Suppose you want to eat healthily. How hard is it for you to eat healthy every day? | 0.66 | 0.58 |
| Suppose you want to eat healthily. How hard is it for you to eat healthy at home? | |||
| Suppose you want to eat healthily. How hard is it for you to eat healthy at school? | |||
| Attitudinal beliefs | |||
| Perceived benefits | If I eat healthily it helps me to control my body weight | 0.64 | 0.31 |
| If I eat healthily it makes me feel better | |||
| Perceived barriers | Unhealthy food is cheaper | 0.71 | 0.44 |
| Healthy food is not available when I am eating | |||
| Healthy foods don’t taste good | |||
| I’ve been eating fast food since I was young | |||
| My parents don’t have time to cook healthy food | |||
| My body needs unhealthy food | |||
| Breaks at school are too short to eat healthily | |||
| I eat unhealthily because I want to eat the same as my friends | |||
| Habit strength | I eat snacks or fast food when I watch TV | 0.56 | 0.46 |
| I eat snacks or fast food when I go out with friends | |||
| I eat snacks or fast food when I am going to sports training | |||
| I eat snacks or fast food when I go on a family trip | |||
| Understanding of what constitutes a healthy food | Eating healthily is eating food without chemicals* | NA | 0.22 |
| Environmental level (home and school environment) | |||
| Parental permissiveness | My parents let me eat fast food (“Pitty’s”, French fries, hamburgers, etc.) and snacks (ice cream, jelly, candies, etc.) whenever I want to | 0.51 | 0.53 |
| My parents let me drink sodas whenever I want to | |||
| School support | How often does your school/teachers encourage you to eat healthily? | 0.76 | 0.40 |
| How often do your teachers/school give you information regarding healthy eating? | |||
| Accessibility to healthy food | My family can’t afford to buy healthy food | 0.62 | 0.47 |
| There is no weekly market in my neighbourhood | |||
| Healthy food that is sold around my place is spoiled | |||
| The places selling healthy food are far from my house | |||
ICC, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; NA, Not Applicable.
* when recoded, a better understanding of what constitutes a healthy food was scored as positive for healthy dietary practices.