Table 4.

Factors Associated with Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival in Patients Who Did Not Receive Adjuvant Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Variable	Univariate			Multivariable
	HR	95% CI	Variable	HR	95% CI	Variable
Recurrence-free survival
Age, y	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.34
Hormone secretion	1.8	1.2–2.9	0.01*	1.5	0.9–2.5	0.10
Familial syndrome	0.5	0.6–3.3	0.43
Intraoperative tumor rupture	1.1	0.6–2.7	0.53
Stage
I	1.0	Ref	Ref	1.0	Ref	Ref
II	1.4	0.5–4.1	0.55	1.4	0.4–4.6	0.64
III	2.7	0.9–7.8	0.07	2.6	0.8–8.6	0.13
IV	11.2	3.6–35.3	<0.001*	9.2	2.5–34.2	0.001*
R1	1.6	0.9–2.7	0.11
Postoperative adrenal insufficiency	1.6	0.9–2.8	0.09
Complication	1.4	0.8–2.3	0.23
Adjuvant radiation	1.3	0.6–2.8	0.56
Adjuvant chemotherapy	1.9	1.2–3.0	0.01*	1.4	0.8–2.4	0.25
Overall survival
Age, y	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.50
Hormone secretion	1.8	1.1–2.9	0.02*	2.2	1.1–4.4	0.02*
Familial syndrome	0.6	0.1–4.0	0.56
Intraoperative tumor rupture	1.7	0.8–3.7	0.15
Stage
I	1.0	Ref	Ref	1.0	Ref	Ref
II	3.7	0.5–29.0	0.21	1.9	0.2–15.2	0.56
III	6.1	0.8–47.8	0.08	1.5	0.2–12.6	0.70
IV	29.8	3.8–234.1	0.001*	10.6	1.3–86.7	0.03*
R0	1.0	Ref	Ref	1.0	Ref	Ref
R1	3.6	2.0–6.0	<0.001*	3.8	1.8–8.2	0.001*
R2	6.0	2.5–14.5	<0.001*	4.5	1.3–15.4	0.001*
Postoperative adrenal insufficiency	1.6	0.8–2.9	0.16
Complication	2.1	1.2–3.7	0.01*	1.1	0.5–2.2	0.91
Adjuvant radiation	1.1	0.5–2.9	0.79
Adjuvant chemotherapy	1.5	0.9–2.6	0.12	0.7	0.3–1.5	0.71

^*Significant.

HR, hazard ratio; R0, microscopically negative margin; R1, microscopically positive margin; R2, grossly positive margin; Ref, reference.