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. 2016 Feb 16;2(3):340–357. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.01.006

Figure 4.

Figure 4

PepT1 knockout decreases colonic epithelial proliferation, modifies epithelial apoptosis, and inhibits tumorigenesis-related signaling. (A) The levels of epithelial cell proliferation in colonic tissue sections from WT and PepT1-KO mice treated with AOM/DSS or water alone were assessed by immunohistochemistry using the proliferation marker Ki67. (B) Ki67+ cells were counted and averaged per crypt. Values are means ± SEM (n = 5–9 per group). (C) Apoptotic colonic epithelial cells were quantified using a TUNEL assay (fluorescein isothiocyanate, green), and nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). (D) Cells positive for both TUNEL and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole were counted and averaged per crypt. Values are means ± SEM (n = 5–9 per group). (E) The protein levels of phosphorylated IκκB-αβ, phosphorylated and total IκB-α, β-catenin, phosphorylated-ERK1/2, and total ERK1/2 in the colons of WT or PepT1-KO mice treated with AOM/DSS or water alone were analyzed by Western blot. (F) Bar graph represents densitometry quantifications of Western blot normalized to β-actin. Scale bars: 50 μm. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001.