Table 3.

Multivariable Linear Regression Models¹ Evaluating Neuromuscular Impairments Associated with Performance on Basic Mobility Tasks

Outcome		No Back Pain			Back Pain
Gait Speed	Variables	Estimate	SE²	P-value	Estimate	SE	P-value
		N=251			N=108
		R2=.41			R2=.51
	TEE²	0.06	0.01	<.01^*	0.03	0.02	.17
	Leg Strength	0.003	0.005	.57	0.01	0.008	.37
	Leg Velocity	0.17	0.05	<.01^*	0.24	0.07	<.01^*
	Coordination	0.01	0.004	.14	0.01	0.01	.21
	Knee ROM²	0.003	0.002	.14	0.003	0.003	.28
	Ankle ROM²	0.08	0.03	<.01^*	0.08	0.05	.10
Standing Balance	Variables	Estimate	SE	P	Estimate	SE	P
		N=248³			N=108
		R2=.27			R2=.40
	TEE	0.10	0.08	.22	0.28	0.12	.02^*
	Leg Strength	0.07	0.03	.01^*	0.06	0.05	.19
	Leg Velocity	0.38	0.31	.22	0.47	0.38	.22
	Coordination	0.01	0.02	.80	0.06	0.03	.051
	Knee ROM	0.01	0.01	.34	0.004	0.02	.82
	Ankle ROM	0.14	0.15	.34	0.62	0.27	.02^*
Chair Stand	Variables	Estimate	SE	P	Estimate	SE	P
		N=251			N=108
		R2=.29			R2=.37
	TEE	0.19	0.09	.03^*	0.31	0.13	.02^*
	Leg Strength	0.09	0.03	<.01^*	0.17	0.05	<.01^*
	Leg Velocity	0.22	0.34	.52	0.40	0.42	.34
	Coordination	0.11	0.03	<.01^*	0.09	0.04	.01^*
	Knee ROM	0.03	0.01	.01^*	0.04	0.02	.04^*
	Ankle ROM	0.30	0.16	.07	0.12	0.30	.69
Basic Lower Extremity Function	Variables	Estimate	SE	P	Estimate	SE	P
		N=249³			N=108³
		R2=.22			R2=.37
	TEE	2.87	0.99	<.01^*	0.82	1.17	.43
	Leg Strength	0.90	0.35	.01^*	1.25	0.46	.01^*
	Leg Velocity	1.13	3.69	.76	12.07	3.81	<.01^*
	Coordination	0.65	0.29	.03^*	0.40	0.33	.22
	Knee ROM	0.07	0.12	.55	0.23	0.18	.19
	Ankle ROM	3.28	1.77	.06	3.09	2.73	.26

Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, chronic conditions, and the presence of other neuromuscular impairments.

Abbreviations: SE = standard error; TEE = trunk extensor endurance; knee ROM refers to knee extension range of motion, described in methods; ankle ROM refers to loss of ankle dorsiflexion, described in methods.

For standing balance and basic lower extremity function outcomes, 3 and 2 observations (respectively) were removed/omitted for optimal fit of the model.

denotes p-values that are statistically significant